Analysis of controlling factors for vegetation productivity in Northeast China
ZHOU YukeKey Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
National Key R&D Program Project of China.2016YFC0500103 National Key R&D Program Project of China.2018YFB0505301 National Natural Science Foundation of China.41601478 Key Special Project for Introduced Talents Team of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), .GML2019ZD0301
作者简介 About authors 周玉科(1984-),男,山东济宁人,博士,副研究员,主要从事生态遥感与时空大数据分析研究E-mail:zhouyk@igsnrr.ac.cn。
Abstract The length and magnitude of vegetation growing season are important factors affecting the change of vegetation productivity during the growth process. Under the context of global warming, vegetation growing season at the middle and high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere has prolonged significantly and caused positive feedback on vegetation productivity. However, the change of vegetation growth magnitude and its impact on vegetation productivity are still unclear. Northeast China is located in the mid-latitude temperate zone with high vegetation coverage and various vegetation types. Exploring the change of vegetation growth season length and magnitude and their influence on productivity is meaningful for understanding and coping with ecosystem changes in the study area. Based on the long-term GIMMS NDVI3g remote sensing data (1982-2015), the curvature derivation method was used to extract the key vegetation phenological parameters such as start of season (SOS), end of season (EOS), growth season length (LOS) and growth magnitude (GM). Then the relative importance (RI) method was employed to detect the relative contribution of LOS and GM to vegetation productivity (expressed as mean NDVI value in growing season, MGS) in growing season. The results showed that: (1) The overall vegetation productivity and growth magnitude in the study area showed an increasing trend, while the LOS showed a decreasing trend, which led to the GM becoming the main factor controlling the change trend of productivity (RI = 70%); (2) In different vegetation coverage areas, the impact of growth season length and magnitude on productivity showed significant spatial discrepancy. Vegetation productivity in the western grassland region was most significantly controlled by GM (RI = 93%), followed by coniferous forest and broad-leaved forest (RI = 66%, 62%) and crop area was least affected by GM (RI = 56%). The impact of LOS on vegetation productivity is most significant in croplands (RI = 40%) and affects about 27%-35% in other areas. GM was positively correlated with productivity in all vegetation cover areas, while LOS was negatively correlated with productivity; (3) Both climate factors (precipitation, temperature) and phenological changes affect the main contributing factor GM. In detail, the change of SOS has the most significant effect on the GM in a large spatial range. The main manifestation is that delayed SOS can promote GM. Based on remote sensing technique, this study found that vegetation in Northeast China is generally growing more vigorously, but vegetation growth activities are mainly affected by growth magnitude. This study can provide direct evidence for the study of vegetation phenological changes and productivity response under the background of global change. Keywords:vegetation phenology;vegetation productivity;growth season length;growth magnitude;long-term trend;NDVI
PDF (7825KB)元数据多维度评价相关文章导出EndNote|Ris|Bibtex收藏本文 本文引用格式 周玉科. 中国东北地区植被生产力控制因素分析. 地理学报[J], 2020, 75(1): 53-67 doi:10.11821/dlxb202001005 ZHOU Yuke. Analysis of controlling factors for vegetation productivity in Northeast China. Acta Geographica Sinice[J], 2020, 75(1): 53-67 doi:10.11821/dlxb202001005
本文选取中国东北为研究区,基于遥感NDVI数据提取植被生长季开始日期(start of season, SOS)、结束日期(end of season, EOS)、生长幅度(PEAK)与生长季长度(length of season, LOS)等物候参数,采用双逻辑斯蒂(Double Logistic, D-L)函数法、Pearson相关系数、相对重要性等统计方法,对1982—2015年植被物候变化趋势,生产力与生长强度、生长季长度的相关性和相对重要性进行了定量分析。
2 数据与方法
2.1 研究区域
中国东北地区主要包括黑龙江、吉林、辽宁省和内蒙古自治区的部分地区(呼伦贝尔盟、赤峰市、兴安盟、通辽市),地理范围位于38°N~56°N、115°E~135°E之间,面积约为144万km2,属于温带湿润、半湿润大陆性季风气候[25]。由于自然环境良好并且空间分异显著,东北地区植被覆盖类型丰富,主要包括草丛、草甸、灌丛、阔叶林、栽培植被、针阔叶混交林和针叶林(图1a)。根据1∶100万中国植被类型图(图1a)[26],东北地区的自然植被覆盖主要为落叶阔叶林(占东北区域面积的25.8%)和草原(24.6%),人工栽培植被(农作物)约占26.4%。从多年生长季NDVI平均值(Mean Growing Season Value, MGS)的空间分布(图1b)可以发现,中部至西南地区的农作物区和呼伦贝尔草原区的植被覆盖状况较差,北部大兴安岭和东部长白山森林区域植被覆盖情况良好,表明东北地区植被生长状况存在较大的空间差异。
利用Mann-Kendall趋势检验法分析了关键物候参数SOS和EOS的长期变化趋势(以MK tau值表示),并检验其多年平均值,发现其空间分布差异显著(图3)。北部针叶林返青期主要集中在第123天(5月3日),衰落期开始于第260天(9月17日),衰落期早于其他植被,返青期呈现微弱提前趋势,衰落期为推迟趋势(MK tau = 0.04)。农作物的返青期和衰落期分别开始于第150天(5月30日)和第277天(10月4日)左右,均晚于自然植被,长期趋势表现为返青期推迟、衰落期提前(MK tau分别为0.02和-0.09)。阔叶林返青期和衰落期分别开始于第110天(3月21日)和第286天(10月13日)左右,返青期推迟(MK tau = 0.03),衰落期稍微提前(MK tau = -0.02)。另外,西部草原、草丛的返青期、衰落期较晚,但近年来均呈现显著提前趋势。研究范围内43%的区域植被春季物候呈现提前趋势,相应的57%区域呈现推迟趋势;67.5%的区域秋季物候呈现提前趋势,相应的32.5%区域呈现推迟趋势。
Fig. 9Spatial distribution of correlation coefficient between growth magnitude with precipitation, temperature and SOS in Northeast China from 1982 to 2015
LuchtW, Prentice IC, Myneni RB , et al. Climatic control of the high-latitude vegetation greening trend and Pinatubo effect , 2002,296(5573):1687-1689. [本文引用: 1]
GuoJian, ChenShi, XuBin , et al. Remote sensing monitoring of grassland vegetation greenup based on SPOT-VGT in XiLingol League Geographical Research, 2017,36(1):37-48. [本文引用: 1]
LiZhengguo, TangHuajun, YangPeng , et al. Progress in remote sensing of vegetation phenology and its application in agriculture Chinese Journal of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, 2012,33(5):20-28. [本文引用: 1]
SongChunqiao, KeLinghong, YouSongcai , et al. Comparison of three NDVI time-series fitting methods based on TIMESA: Taking the grassland in northern Tibet as case Remote Sensing Technology and Application, 2011,26(2):147-155. [本文引用: 1]
XuYunjia, DaiJunhu, WangHuanjiong , et al. Variations of main phenophases of natural calendar and analysis of responses to climate change in Harbin in 1985-2012 Geographical Research, 2015,34(9):1662-1674. [本文引用: 1]
Keenan TF, GrayJ, Friedl MA , et al. Net carbon uptake has increased through warming-induced changes in temperate forest phenology , 2014,4(7):598-604. [本文引用: 1]
ZhouYuke . Comparative study of vegetation phenology extraction methods based on digital images Progress in Geography, 2018,37(8):1031-1044. [本文引用: 1]
Myneni RB, Keeling CD, Tucker CJ , et al. Increased plant growth in the northern high latitudes from 1981 to 1991 , 1997,386(6626):698-702. [本文引用: 1]
Richardson AD, Keenan TF, MigliavaccaM , et al. Climate change, phenology, and phenological control of vegetation feedbacks to the climate system , 2013,169(3):156-173. [本文引用: 1]
Goetz SJ, Epstein HE, Bhatt US , et al. Recent changes in Arctic vegetation: Satellite observations and simulation model predictions//Gutman G, Reissell A. Eurasian Arctic Land Cover and Land Use in a Changing Climate. Amsterdam, , 2011: 9-36. [本文引用: 1]
ZhangK, Kimball JS, Mu QZ , et al. Satellite based analysis of northern ET trends and associated changes in the regional water balance from 1983 to 2005 , 2009,379(1):92-110. [本文引用: 1]
BuermannW, Bikash PR, JungM , et al. Earlier springs decrease peak summer productivity in North American boreal forests , 2013,8(2):24-27. [本文引用: 2]
Reed BC, Brown JF, VanderzeeD , et al. Measuring phenological variability from satellite imagery , 1994,5(5):703-714. [本文引用: 2]
Hudson IL, Keatley MR . Phenological Research: Methods for Environmental and Climate Change Analysis , 2010. [本文引用: 1]
FanDeqin, ZhaoXuesheng, ZhuWenquan , et al. Phenology of Leymus chinensis steppe in Inner Mongolia and its response to climate changes Progress in Geography, 2016,35(3):304-319. [本文引用: 2]
DragoniD, Rahman AF . Trends in fall phenology across the deciduous forests of the eastern USA , 2012,157:96-105. [本文引用: 1]
HmiminaG, DufrêneE, Pontailler JY , et al. Evaluation of the potential of MODIS satellite data to predict vegetation phenology in different biomes: An investigation using ground-based NDVI measurements , 2013,132:145-158. [本文引用: 1]
Fisher JI, Richardson AD, Mustard JF . Phenology model from surface meteorology does not capture satellite-based greenup estimations , 2006,13(3):707-721. [本文引用: 1]
ZhangX, Friedl MA, Schaaf CB , et al. Monitoring vegetation phenology using MODIS , 2003,84(3):471-475. [本文引用: 2]
WangZhi . Study on vegetation dynamic based on vegetation phenology and NOAA/AVHRR NDVI in the North-South Transect of Eastern China [D]. , 2008. [本文引用: 1]
PeiShunxiang . Phenological response of typical plants at high latitudes, widely distributed species Prunus persica and species Prunus davidina to climate change in China [D]. , 2011. [本文引用: 1]
HouXuehui, NiuZheng, GaoShuai , et al. Monitoring vegetation phenology in farming-pastoral zone using SPOT-VGT NDVI data Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2013,29(1):142-150. [本文引用: 1]
QiuYue, FanDeqin, ZhaoXuesheng , et al. Spatio-temporal changes of NPP and its responses to phenology in Northeast China Geography and Geo-Information Science, 2017,33(5):21-27. [本文引用: 4]
WangHong, LiXiaobing, LiXia , et al. The variability of vegetation growing season in the northern China based on NOAA NDVI and MSAVI from 1982 to 1999 Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2007,27(2):504-515. [本文引用: 1]
Editorial Committee for Vegetation Map of China. Vegetation Map of the People's Republic of China (1:1000000). Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 2007. [本文引用: 1]
Tucker CJ, Pinzon JE, Brown ME , et al. An extended AVHRR 8-km NDVI dataset compatible with MODIS and SPOT vegetation NDVI data , 2005,26(20):4485-4498. [本文引用: 1]
Beck HE, McVicar TR, van Dijk A I JM , et al. Global evaluation of four AVHRR-NDVI data sets: Intercomparison and assessment against Landsat imagery , 2011,115(10):2547-2563. [本文引用: 1]
ZhangWen, BaoGang, BaoYuhai . Vegetation SOS dynamic monitoring in Inner Mongolia from 1982 to 2013 and its responses to climatic changes China Agricultural Informatics, 2018,30(2):63-75. [本文引用: 1]
WangJ, DongJ, YiY , et al. Decreasing net primary production due to drought and slight decreases in solar radiation in China from 2000 to 2012 , 2017,122(1):261-278. [本文引用: 1]
Beck P SA, AtzbergerC, H?gda KA , et al. Improved monitoring of vegetation dynamics at very high latitudes: A new method using MODIS NDVI , 2006,100(3):321-334. [本文引用: 2]
ZhouYuke, LiuJianwen . Spatio-temporal analysis of vegetation phenology with multiple methods over the Tibetan Plateau based on MODIS NDVI data Remote Sensing Technology and Application, 2018,33(3):486-498. [本文引用: 1]
Piao SL, Yin GD, Tan JG , et al. Detection and attribution of vegetation greening trend in China over the last 30 years , 2015,21(4):1601-1609. [本文引用: 1]
FuZ, Dong JW, Zhou YK , et al. Long term trend and interannual variability of land carbon uptake: The attribution and processes , 2017,12(1):014018. [本文引用: 3]
MengShan . Estimation and interaction of marine and terrestrial ecosystem services value in coastal provinces and cities of China Journal of Green Science and Technology, 2018,16:299-302. [本文引用: 1]
GroempingU . Relative importance for linear regression in R: The Package relaimpo , 2006,17(1):1-27. [本文引用: 1]
HuangK, Xia JY, Wang YP , et al. Enhanced peak growth of global vegetation and its key mechanisms , 2018,2(12):1897-1905. [本文引用: 3]
Zhu WQ, Tian HQ, Xu XF , et al. Extension of the growing season due to delayed autumn over mid and high latitudes in North America during 1982-2006 , 2012,21(2):260-271. [本文引用: 1]
Wu CY, Wang XJ, Wang HJ , et al. Contrasting responses of autumn-leaf senescence to daytime and night-time warming , 2018,8(12):1092-1096. [本文引用: 1]
BuermannW, ForkelM, O’SullivanM , et al. Widespread seasonal compensation effects of spring warming on northern plant productivity , 2018,562(7725):110-114. [本文引用: 2]
ForkelM, CarvalhaisN, R?denbeckC , et al. Enhanced seasonal CO2 exchange caused by amplified plant productivity in northern ecosystems , 2016,351(6274):696-699. [本文引用: 1]
GonsamoA, Chen JM, Ooi YW . Peak season plant activity shift towards spring is reflected by increasing carbon uptake by extratropical ecosystems , 2018,24(5):2117-2128. [本文引用: 1]
Wu DH, ZhaoX, Liang SL , et al. Time-lag effects of global vegetation responses to climate change , 2015,21(9):3520-3531. [本文引用: 1]
Ahlstr?mA, Raupach MR, SchurgersG , et al. The dominant role of semi-arid ecosystems in the trend and variability of the land CO2 sink , 2015,348(6237):895-899. [本文引用: 1]
Gilmanov TG, Tieszen LL, Wylie BK , et al. Integration of CO2 flux and remotely-sensed data for primary production and ecosystem respiration analyses in the Northern Great Plains: Potential for quantitative spatial extrapolation , 2005,14(3):271-292. [本文引用: 1]
LiuJiyuan, KuangWenhui, ZhangZengxiang , et al. Spatiotemporal characteristics, patterns and causes of land use changes in China since the late 1980s Acta Geographica Sinica, 2014,69(1):3-14. [本文引用: 1]
Zhang XY, Liu LL, Henebry GM . Impacts of land cover and land use change on long-term trend of land surface phenology: A case study in agricultural ecosystems , 2019,14(4):044020. [本文引用: 1]