Carbon sequestration function of cultivated land use system based on the carbon cycle for the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain
CHENLi1,2,, HAOJinmin1,2,, WANGFeng3, YINYuying1,2, GAOYang1,2, DUANWenkai1,2, YANGJun1,2 1. College of Resources Environmental Sciences,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China2. Key Laboratory for Agricultural Land Quality Monitoring and Control,The Ministry of Land and Resources,Beijing 100193,China3. Bureau of Land and Resources of Taian,Taian 271000,China 通讯作者:郝晋珉,E-mail:jmhao@cau.edu.cn 收稿日期:2015-10-27 修回日期:2016-02-25 网络出版日期:-- 版权声明:2016《资源科学》编辑部《资源科学》编辑部 基金资助:科技部国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAD06B01) 作者简介: -->作者简介:陈丽,女,山东聊城人,博士生,研究方向为土地信息技术、土地利用规划。E-mail:lichenbj@163.com
关键词:耕地;固碳功能;碳循环;黄淮海平原 Abstract Cultivated land carbon sequestration as an effective supplement to the terrestrial ecosystem is recognized; however,research on the carbon sequestration function of cultivated land has been conducted from the perspective of ecology. For example, carbon uptake and carbon release of vegetation and arable soil and carbon balance in agro-ecosystems is often a focus and there is a lack of research into the carbon sequestration of cultivated land from the viewpoint of land science. Here we built a basic research framework for the carbon sequestration function of cultivated land use for the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain based on the carbon cycle process of cultivated land use system theory. Then the carbon sequestration function was evaluated from three aspects of carbon sequestration ability,carbon sequestration efficiency and carbon sequestration dominance. The results suggest that the carbon sequestration function of cultivated land use can be known from four aspects:natural carbon sequestration ability, ideal carbon sequestration ability,practical carbon sequestration ability and regional carbon sequestration ability. The carbon sequestration of cultivated land use systems of the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain is a carbon sink. The carbon sequestration efficiency and carbon sequestration dominance degree are 2.5 and 0.85 respectively. The carbon sequestration function of cultivated land use system plays an irreplaceable role on the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain,which should be a prominent function in this area. This study provides a new way of thinking about ecological function theory research for cultivated land,and support for promoting the ecological benefits of cultivated land,mitigating climate warming,and administering cultivated land ecology interregional compensation.
Keywords:cultivated land use system;carbon sequestration function of cultivated land;carbon cycle;Huang-Huai-Hai Plain -->0 PDF (6796KB)元数据多维度评价相关文章收藏文章 本文引用格式导出EndNoteRisBibtex收藏本文--> 陈丽, 郝晋珉, 王峰, 尹钰莹, 高阳, 段文凯, 杨君. 基于碳循环的黄淮海平原耕地固碳功能研究[J]. , 2016, 38(6): 1039-1053 https://doi.org/10.18402/resci.2016.06.04 CHENLi, HAOJinmin, WANGFeng, YINYuying, GAOYang, DUANWenkai, YANGJun. Carbon sequestration function of cultivated land use system based on the carbon cycle for the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain[J]. 资源科学, 2016, 38(6): 1039-1053 https://doi.org/10.18402/resci.2016.06.04
耕地固碳受气候状况、土壤类型、管理措施、计量时间等多因素影响。由于各因素的时空变异性,耕地固碳能力在不同的尺度上存在较大差异。空间小尺度上,农田管理仅考虑秸秆全量还田,张权测得华北平原小麦-玉米整个生育期大部分时间表现为碳汇,但在小麦和玉米的轮作期以及玉米生长季初期,农田表现为明显的碳源,若以1年为计量时间核定净固碳量,则表现为弱碳汇[15]。小尺度和短时间的耕地固碳功能研究,耕地碳收支机理和过程清楚,净固碳量测算精确,但该方法不适合在大尺度范围开展研究[16]。大尺度研究中,刘允芬以省为单位模拟计算的分区农业系统碳平衡,全国大部分地区为碳汇,京津沪、广东及云贵川等地为碳源[17]。可见,区域尺度的耕地利用系统固碳研究,通常以年尺度净累积的系统碳吸收与碳释放净差值,来表示其固碳能力,而忽略其年内的碳收支动态变化。 黄淮海平原耕地利用系统碳吸收途径为农作物的光合作用,碳释放途径为:农作物自养呼吸释放、秸秆部分燃烧释放、土壤非根呼吸释放以及农田管理活动排放。其中,前3种途径的碳释放主要来自农作物光合固定的碳,农业管理活动引起的碳排放,其碳源主要来自化石能源。耕地利用系统碳循环过程如图1所示。 显示原图|下载原图ZIP|生成PPT 图1黄淮海平原耕地利用系统碳循环过程 -->Figure 1Carbon cycle process of cultivated land use system in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain -->
Table 3 Table 3Carbon sequestration function at different levels of cultivated land in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain in 2012 (万t,%)
分类
固碳能力
碳排放途径
碳排放量
占比
自然固碳能力
22 193.10
土壤非根呼吸释放
14 340.70
100
其中:
CO2形式释放
14 290.59
99.65
CH4形式释放
50.11
0.35
理想固碳能力
7 852.40
农田管理排放
2 244.64
100
其中:
农用化肥施用
1 280.52
57.05
农用柴油使用
285.63
12.72
农药使用
167.57
7.47
地膜使用
116.86
5.21
农业灌溉
394.06
17.56
现实固碳能力
5 607.76
经济产量消耗释放
4 285.53
100
区域固碳能力
1 322.23
-
-
-
新窗口打开 显示原图|下载原图ZIP|生成PPT 图32012年黄淮海平原各地市农田管理碳排贡献率 -->Figure 3Contribution rate of carbon emission from farmland management of different cities in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain in 2012 -->
5.2 耕地固碳功能空间分异
在耕地各层次固碳能力平均水平基础上,上下浮动40%将研究区域划分为高中低3级(见图4),其中一级区固碳能力最大,三级区固碳能力最小,整个黄淮海平原耕地固碳功能表现出明显的区域差异。从固碳能力强弱上看,研究区域中部纵向由德州到驻马店一线的耕地一直保持较强固碳能力,东北部京津到潍坊一线耕地固碳能力一直较弱。从耕地自然固碳能力到区域固碳能力,随着碳释放因素逐渐增多,研究区域内逐步出现“入不敷支”耕地固碳能力丧失地区,且以京津为核心不断蔓延扩大,截至区域固碳能力,耕地固碳能力丧失区数量增至13个地市。 显示原图|下载原图ZIP|生成PPT 图42012年黄淮海平原耕地固碳功能空间分异 -->Figure 4Spatial differentiation of carbon sequestration function of Cultivated land in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain in 2012 -->
通过计算,黄淮海平原耕地固碳效率为2.5,作为一个整体,其耕地利用处于一种可持续利用状态。然而其可持续状况究竟如何,由于目前没有针对全国的一个整体研究,因此无法进行区域间横向比较。但从区域内部看,不同地区耕地固碳效率存在较大差异,北京、天津、廊坊、东营和郑州5市耕地实际固碳效率为负。此外,按照固碳效率小于1和大于区域平均水平2.5,将研究区域各地市耕地固碳效率划分为3级(图5)。其中,一级区 ,地市数有24个;二级区 ∈[1,2.5),地市数有7个;三级区 <1,地市数有4个。黄淮海平原大部分地区的耕地固碳效率高于区域平均水平,且空间分布上呈现中南部高于北部的总体态势。此外,通过计算,黄淮海平原耕地固碳优势度高达到0.85。可见,作为粮食主产区的黄淮海平原,其陆地生态系统固碳量中的85%来自耕地。其中既有相对稳定的存储于土壤中的碳,也有动态稳定的存储于经济产量中的碳。耕地的固碳功能在该区域具有重要地位,可以作为本区域耕地重要生态功能类型进行显化。 显示原图|下载原图ZIP|生成PPT 图5黄淮海平原耕地固碳效率空间分异 -->Figure 5Spatial differentiation of carbon sequestration efficiency of Cultivated land in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain -->
6 结论与讨论
(1)耕地是人工控制下的开放式自然生态系统,自然因素与人类活动共同构成了系统内的碳循环过程。本文从耕地利用系统的角度出发,基于整个系统碳循环过程,以1年作为区域尺度耕地固碳功能研究的周期,通过分析黄淮海平原耕地利用系统碳循环过程,提出耕地固碳功能具有层次性,可以划分为自然固碳能力、理想固碳能力、现实固碳能力和区域固碳能力。其中,自然固碳能力和理想固碳能力是属于传统理解上的耕地固碳功能,现实固碳能力和区域固碳能力才是对缓解气候变化、进行耕地生态区际补偿有现实意义的功能。 (2)通过分析计算,黄淮海平原耕地的自然固碳能力、理想固碳能力、现实固碳能力和区域固碳能力分别为22 193.10万t、7852.40万t、5607.76万t和1322.23万t。无论从哪个层面看,黄淮海平原耕地的固碳效应均表现出正向性,并且作为一个整体,黄淮海平原的耕地利用具有一定的可持续性,在利用过程中实现的动态和相对静态固碳量占全区生态系统总固碳量的85%。黄淮海平原的耕地不但具有固碳功能,而且其固碳功能在本区域具有不可忽视以及区域内其他生态系统不可替代的重要作用。此外,耕地利用系统不同层次的固碳功能在区域内部表现出明显空间分异性。总的来看,研究区域中部纵向由德州到驻马店一线的耕地一直保持较强固碳能力,东北部京津到潍坊一线耕地固碳能力较弱。随着耕地固碳功能层次性的不断递进,研究区域内逐步出现“入不敷支”耕地固碳能力丧失地区,且以京津为核心不断蔓延扩大。此外,研究区内部不同地市间影响耕地固碳功能的碳释放因素也存在明显差异。而耕地利用系统碳循环的碳吸收和碳释放,这“一入一出”两个过程上所表现出来的空间差异,将为今后研究分类型、分区域采取措施,进行耕地生态利用提供明确方向。 (3)区域尺度固碳功能研究,目前没有完全准确、有效的观测技术和计算方法。因此本文耕地固碳能力和其他陆地生态系统固碳能力的估算结果,与实际情况之间还存在一定差异。如何准确提高区域耕地固碳能力,乃至陆地生态系统固碳能力研究的准确性,还需进行更加深入的探讨和研究。 The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
World MeteorologicalOrganization.The State of Greenhouse Gases in the Atmosphere Using Global Observations through 2008[R]. Switzerland:WMO Greenhouse Gas Bulletin,2009. [本文引用: 1]
[Chang RY,Liu GH,Fu BJ.Review on the methods for soil carbon sequestration at regional scale [J]. Geographical Research,2010,29(9):1616-1628.] [本文引用: 1]
[Zhao RQ,LiuY,Ding ML,et al.Research on carbon source and sink of farmland eco-system in Henan Province [J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences,2010,(7):40-44.] [本文引用: 2]
[5]
LalR.Residue management,conservation tillage and soil restor-ation for mitigating greenhouse effect by CO2-enrichment [J]. Soil Tillage Research,1997,43(1):81-107. [本文引用: 1]
[Luo HL.Dynamic of vegetation carbon storage of farmland ecosystem in hilly area of central Sichuan basin during the last 55 years-A case study of Yanting County,Sichuan Province [J]. Journal of Natural Resources,2009,24(2):251-258.] [本文引用: 1]
[Xu SJ,Liu JS,WangY,et al.Variation characteri-stics analysis of major crop carbon fixation in Sanjiang Plain during 1980-2007 [J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and En-vironment,2011,25(10):180-183.]
[Gu JC,Zha LS.Research on dynamic change of vegetation carbon storage of crops in the Wanjiang City Belt [J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2012,21(12):1507-1513.] [本文引用: 4]
[Shi LG,Fan SC,Kong FL,et al.Preliminary study on the carbon efficiency of main crops production in North China Plain [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica,2011,37(8):1485-1490.] [本文引用: 2]
[Niu LA,Hao JM,Zhang BZ,et al.Soil respiration and carbon balance in farmland ecosystems on North China Plains [J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2009,18(3):1054-1060.] [本文引用: 1]
[Wei YH,ZhaoX,Zhai YL,et al.Effects of tillages on soil organic carbon sequestration in North China Plain [J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2013,29(17):87-95.]
[Zhang MY,Wei YH,Kong FL,et al.Effects of tillage practices on soil carbon storage and greenhouse gas emission of farmland in North China [J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2012,28(6):203-209.] [本文引用: 1]
[Li CF,Cao CG,Wang JP,et al.CH4 and CO2 emissions from paddy soils and assessment of carbon budget in different tillage systems [J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2009,28(12):2482-2488.] [本文引用: 1]
[LuN,Qu FT,Feng SY.Farmland ecosystem net carbon uptake in China:Movement of center of gravity and the determining factors [J]. China Population,Resources and Environment,2011,21(5):119-125.] [本文引用: 1]
[ZhangQ.Carbon Balance Characteristic and Its Controlling Factors in a Winter Wheat-Summer Maize Rotation Cropland over the North China Plain[D]. Beijing:Tsinghua University,2014.] [本文引用: 2]
[Yu GR,WangQ,F,Zhu X J. Methods and uncertainties in evaluating the carbon budgets of regional terrestrial ecosystems [J]. Progress in Geography,2011,30(1):103-113.] [本文引用: 3]
[Yang ZX,Zheng DW,WenH.Studies on service value evaluation of agricultural ecosystem in Beijing Region [J]. Journal of Natural Resources,2005,20(4):564-571.] [本文引用: 1]
[BaiY,Ouyang ZY,ZhengH,et al.Environmental benefit-loss analysis of agro-ecosystem in Haihe River basin,China [J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2010,21(11):2938-2945.] [本文引用: 1]
[Zhang HF,Ouyang ZY,ZhengH,et al.Evaluation of agricultural ecosystem services value in Manas River Watershed of China [J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2009,17(6):1259-1264.] [本文引用: 1]
[Department of Comprehensive Statistics of State Statistical Bureau. China Statistical Yearbook for Regional Economy[M]. Beijing:China Statistics Press,2013.] [本文引用: 1]
[Yu GR,Wang QF,Liu YC,et al.Conceptual framework of carbon sequestration rate and potential increment of carbon sink of regional terrestrial ecosystem and scientific basis for quantitative carbon authentication [J]. Progress in Geography,2011,30(7):771-787.] [本文引用: 1]
[Yang HW.Comprehensive utilization status and suggestion of crop straw in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain [J]. Agriculture Machinery Technology Extension, 2016(1):23-26.] [本文引用: 1]
[Zhang ZF, Song JM, Mi XJ.Status investigation and countermeasure research of crop straw burning and using in Tianjin [J]. Tianjin people's Congress, 2015(8):42-44.] [本文引用: 1]
[Dezhou City Bureau of Statistics Bureau . Current situation and path selection of agricultural mechanization in Dezhou[EB/OL] [2015-10-19]..]URL [本文引用: 1]
[He LM, Wang WJ, WangQ, et al.Evaluation of the agricultural residues burning reduction in China using MODIS fire product [J]. Environmental Monitoring in China, 2007, 23(1):42-50.] [本文引用: 1]
[Hu QL,Shen YJ,Chen FJ,et al.Spatial-temporal change of biological productivity and carbon capture capability in the Mid-south of Hebei Province [J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica,2012,32(2):219-224.] [本文引用: 1]
[Xie GH,Wang XD,Han DQ,et al.Harvest index and residue factor of cereal crops in China [J]. Journal of China Agricultural University,2011,16(1):1-8.] [本文引用: 3]
[ Xie GH,Wang XD,Han DQ,et al.Harvest index and residue factor of non-cereal crops in China [J]. Journal of China Agricultural University,2011,16(1):9-17.] [本文引用: 2]
[Fang J Y,Chen A P,Zhao S Q,et al. Estimating biomass carbon of China’s forests:Supplementary notes on report published in science(291:2320 ~2322)by fang et al . [本文引用: 1]
[Min JS,HuH.Calculation of greenhouse gases emission from agricultural production in China [J]. China Population,Resources and Environ-ment,2012,22(7):21-27.] [本文引用: 1]
[48]
West TO,MarlandG.A synthesis of carbon sequestration,carbon emissions,and net carbon flux in agriculture:Comparing tillage practices in the United States [J]. Agriculture Ecosystems & En-vironment,2002,91(1):217-232. [本文引用: 1]
[49]
LalR.Carbon emission from farm operations [J]. Environment International,2004,30(7):981-990. [本文引用: 1]
[Yang HX,WuB,Zhang JT,et al.Progress of research into carbon fixation and storage of forest ecosystems [J]. Journal of Beijing Normal University (Natural Science),2005,41(2):172-177.] [本文引用: 1]
[Liu SR,WangH,Luan JW.A review of research progress and future prospective of forest soil carbon stock and soil carbon process in China [J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2011,31(19):5437-5448.]
[Wang YK.Decomposition and Nutrient Release of Mixed Residues in the Soil of Poplar-Crops Agroforestry System[D]. Nanjing:Nanjing Forestry University,2012.] [本文引用: 1]
[WangX,Gao MD,YangF,et al.Litter decomposition and nutrient dynamics of larix principis-rupprechtii plantations of different ages [J]. Journal of Northeast Forestry University,2012,40(10):56-60.] [本文引用: 1]
[WangJ,Huang JH.Comparison of major nutrient release patterns in leaf litter decomposition in warm temperate zone of China [J]. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica,2001,25(3):375-380.] [本文引用: 1]
[Lv RH,Li GL,LiuY,et al.Decomposition characteristics of coniferous litter under different site conditions in a larix principis-rupprechtii plantation [J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2012,48(2):31-37.] [本文引用: 1]
[Li GL,LiuY,Li RS,et al.Responses of decomposition rate,nutrient return and composition of leaf litter to thinning intensities in Pinus tabulaeformis plantation [J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2008,30(5):52-57.] [本文引用: 1]
[71]
TatenoR,TokuchiN,YamanakaN,et al.Comparison of litter fall production and leaf litter decomposition between an exotic black locust plantation and an indigenous oak forest near Yan’an on the Loess Plateau,China [J]. Forest Ecology and Management,2007,241(1-3):84-90. [本文引用: 1]
[Chen SR,Wang SX,ZhouY.Estimation of Chinese grassland productivity using remote sensing [J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agri-cultural Engineering,2008,24(1):208-212.] [本文引用: 1]