Trends in the tree growing season throughout the Hebei and Shanxi mountainous region and Loess Plateau of North China from 1961 to 2013
GUOYuanyuan1,, JIANGYuan1,2,, DONGManyu1, WENYan1, WANGMingchang1, JIAOLiang1 1. College of Resources Science and Technology,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China2. State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Process and Resource Ecology,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China 通讯作者:通讯作者:江源,E-mail:jiangy@bnu.edu.cn 收稿日期:2015-02-4 修回日期:2016-01-27 网络出版日期:2016-04-25 版权声明:2016《资源科学》编辑部《资源科学》编辑部 基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目(41171067) 作者简介: -->作者简介:郭媛媛,女,河北邯郸人,博士生,主要从事植物与植被资源研究。E-mail:gyyhebei@163.com
关键词:华北晋冀山地;黄土高原区;树木生长季;海拔;温度;变化趋势 Abstract Based on daily mean temperature measurements at 44 meteorological stations throughout the Hebei Shanxi mountainous region and Loess Plateau region,Northern China from 1961 to 2013,trends in the tree growing season were analyzed in two regions (humid and subhumid). The growing season was defined as the last day of the first 5-day period with a daily mean temperature greater than 5℃ to the last day of the first 5-day period with a mean temperature of less than 5℃. We found that over the last 50 years,the commencement of the tree growing season has increased at a rate of -1.7d/10a,-2.1d/10 and -1.9d/10a,throughout the Hebei Shanxi mountainous region,Loess Plateau region and the whole study area,respectively. The end of the tree growing season has decreased at a rate of 0.9d/10a,1.1d/10a and 1.0d/10a in the three areas,respectively. The length of the tree growing season in the study area increased from 1961 to 2013 at a rate of 2.6d/10a (13.3 days),3.1d/10a (16.4 days)and 2.9d/10a (14.8 days)in the three study areas respectively. Elevation had a strong impact on the tree growing season indices (growing season start,end and length),except for a little effect on commencement of the tree growing season in the Hebei Shanxi mountainous region. Tree growing season indices (start,end and length of the growing season)were associated with spring and autumn temperatures. The spatial distribution of the trend in the commencement of the tree growing season showed a decreasing trend. The end point and length of the tree growing season has increased.
Keywords:Hebei Shanxi mountainous region;Loess Plateau;tree growing season;elevation;temperature;trends -->0 PDF (2002KB)元数据多维度评价相关文章收藏文章 本文引用格式导出EndNoteRisBibtex收藏本文--> 郭媛媛, 江源, 董满宇, 文岩, 王明昌, 焦亮. 1961-2013年华北晋冀山地和黄土高原区树木生长季变化趋势[J]. , 2016, 38(4): 758-767 https://doi.org/10.18402/resci.2016.04.17 GUOYuanyuan, JIANGYuan, DONGManyu, WENYan, WANGMingchang, JIAOLiang. Trends in the tree growing season throughout the Hebei and Shanxi mountainous region and Loess Plateau of North China from 1961 to 2013[J]. 资源科学, 2016, 38(4): 758-767 https://doi.org/10.18402/resci.2016.04.17
本研究采用的数据为华北晋冀山地区和黄土高原区两个区域44个气象站1961-2013年的日均气温,数据来源为中国气象科学数据共享服务网(http://cdc.cma.gov.cn)。数据系列中的缺失值的处理方法为:①对于缺失值≤2d的数据使用临近缺失值3d的数据均值进行插补;②极少数连续缺失>2d的数据,利用临近5d的均值进行插补。 1983年,赵松乔在汲取之前黄秉维、任美锷、侯学煜等提出的各区划方案主要优点的基础上,提出“自然区划新方案”[21],方案中提出明确的分区原则,把全国划分为三大自然区(东部季风区、西北干旱区、青藏高寒区),7个自然地区和33个自然区[21]。该方案分别论述了中国各自然地理区域及其特征、地域分异以及土地资源合理利用和改造自然等问题[25],新方案自提出以来被普遍沿用至今。本文依据赵松乔在1983年提出的自然地理区域划分方案,选择晋冀山地区冀晋山地半旱生落叶阔叶林、森林草原区和黄土高原区黄土高原森林草原、干草原区作为研究对象,两个区域分布范围为102°35′E-121°28′E,34°50′N-42°34′N(图1,见第764页)。 显示原图|下载原图ZIP|生成PPT 图1研究区域及气象站点分布 -->Figure 1Study area and the distribution of the 44 stations in the study area -->
1961-2013年晋冀山地区和黄土高原区的树木生长季开始时间呈现显著提前趋势(p<0.01)。晋冀山地区的树木生长季开始时间范围在62.5~90.9d之间,黄土高原区的树木生长季开始时间范围是从第58.3d到第92.9d。晋冀山地区和黄土高原区树木生长季开始时间变化速率分别为-1.7d/10a和-2.1d/10a,树木生长季开始时间分别提前8.9d和10.8d。过去50年间两个研究区整体树木生长季开始时间变化也是呈显著提前趋势(p<0.01),变化速率为 -1.9d/10a,树木生长季提前9.8d(图2)。晋冀山地区的树木生长季开始时间变化受到海拔高度的影响并不明显(p=0.12),黄土高原区的树木生长季开始时间随海拔升高呈现出显著的推迟趋势(p<0.01)。两个区域整体随海拔的升高呈显著延迟趋势(p<0.01)(图3)。 显示原图|下载原图ZIP|生成PPT 图21961-2013年研究区树木生长季开始时间 -->Figure 2Time series of the regional average tree growing season start from 1961 to 2013 -->
显示原图|下载原图ZIP|生成PPT 图31961-2013年研究区树木生长季开始时间和海拔的关系 -->Figure3Relationships between the elevation and the mean tree growing season start from 1961 to 2013 -->
3.2 树木生长季结束时间变化情况
1961-2013年晋冀山地区和黄土高原区的树木生长季结束时间均呈现显著延后趋势(p<0.05),晋冀山地区和黄土高原区的树木生长季结束时间变化范围分别是从第297.3d~315.2d和第285.7d~315.1d,变化速率分别为0.9d/10a和1.1d/10a,树木生长季结束时间分别延长4.4d和5.5d。两个区域整体的树木生长季结束时间随着时间也呈现显著延后趋势(p<0.05),变化速率为1.0d/10a,延长5.0d。晋冀山地区、黄土高原区和两个区域整体三者之间的变化速率差异并不大,均在1.0d/10a左右(图4)。晋冀山地区和黄土高原区以及两个区域整体的树木生长季结束时间均随海拔的增加而显著提前(p<0.01),晋冀山地区的提前趋势更明显(图5)。 显示原图|下载原图ZIP|生成PPT 图41961-2013年研究区树木生长季结束时间 -->Figure 4Time series of the regional average tree growing season end from 1961 to 2013 -->
显示原图|下载原图ZIP|生成PPT 图51961-2013年研究区树木生长季结束时间和海拔的关系 -->Figure 5Relationships between the elevation and the mean tree growing season end from 1961 to 2013 -->
3.3 树木生长季长度变化情况
晋冀山地区和黄土高原区以及两个区域整体的树木生长季长度从1961-2013年均呈现显著延长趋势(p<0.01)。1961-2013年晋冀山地区的22个气象站中的树木生长季长度最小值是216.0d,最大值是250.6d,黄土高原区的树木生长季长度最小值是207.0d,最大值是246.7d,晋冀山地区和黄土高原区以及两个区域整体的树木生长季长度变化速率分别为2.6d/10a、3.1d/10a和2.9d/10a,树木生长季长度分别延长13.3d 、16.4d和14.8d。(图6)。晋冀山地区和黄土高原区的树木生长季长度均随海拔的增加而呈现显著减少(p<0.05),黄土高原区的减少趋势变化速率稍微明显一些(图7)。 显示原图|下载原图ZIP|生成PPT 图61961-2013年研究区树木生长季长度 -->Figure 6Time series of the regional average tree growing season length from 1961 to 2013 -->
显示原图|下载原图ZIP|生成PPT 图71961-2013年研究区树木生长季长度和海拔的关系 -->Figure 7Relationships between the elevation and the mean tree growing season length from 1961 to 2013 -->
3.4 树木生长季指标变化趋势空间分布
1961-2013年研究区树木生长季指标变化趋势空间分布如图8(见第764页)所示,树木生长季开始时间变化趋势在整个研究区空间上大部分都呈提前趋势,提前幅度最大的是太原地区,其斜率值是-3.53d/10a,这其中只有承德地区表现出延后趋势(0.20d/10a)。树木生长季结束时间大部分呈延后趋势和树木生长季长度的变化趋势则大部分呈延长趋势,其中树木生长季结束时间有两个站点是呈提前趋势(承德地区-0.73d/10a和榆社地区-0.53d/10a),其他站点均为延长趋势,延长范围在(0.08~2.45)d/10a。树木生长季长度整体上的延长趋势变化较大,延长范围在(0.03~5.80)d/10a,最大的一个是延安站增幅达到5.80d/10a,树木生长季长度中只有一个站点呈缩短趋势(承德地区-0.93d/10a)。 显示原图|下载原图ZIP|生成PPT 图81961-2013年树木生长季指标变化速率空间分布 -->Figure 8The spatial distribution of the rates of change in the average tree growing season indices from 1961 to 2013 -->
3.5 树木生长季指标和春季、秋季空气温度的关系
由表1可知,树木生长季开始时间、结束时间和树木生长季长度与春季和秋季温度都呈显著线性相关(p<0.001),且晋冀山地区树木生长季长度与秋季最低温度相关性更强为0.93,与春季的平均温度和最低温度相关性都较强均为0.95,树木生长季开始和树木生长季结束与春季和秋季的平均温度相关性更强分别为0.92和0.98。黄土高原区树木生长季开始和树木生长季长度与春季最低温度相关性更强分别为0.94和0.90,树木生长季结束时间和树木生长季长度与秋季平均温度相关性更高分别为0.95和0.97。春季温度的升高会使树木生长季开始时间提前,秋季温度的升高会使树木生长季结束时间延后,随着温度的升高,树木生长季长度延长。 Table 1 表1 表11961-2013年研究区春季和秋季空气温度与树木生长季指标的线性回归分析结果 Table 1Results of linear regression analyses between the air temperature of March to May,September to November and three tree growing season indices (GSS,GSE,and GSL)in the study area from 1961 to 2013
随着全球变暖,温度升高,1961-2013年研究区的树木生长季长度呈显著增加趋势,晋冀山地区、黄土高原区和两个区域整体分别增加13.3d、16.4d和14.8d;树木生长季的开始时间有显著提前,分别提前8.9d、10.8d和9.8d,结束时间显著延后,分别延后4.4d、5.5d和5.0d。1961-2013年晋冀山地区和黄土高原区的树木生长季指标(开始时间、结束时间、长度)的时间变化趋势比较一致。除了晋冀山地区的树木生长季开始和海拔相关性不显著以外,其他树木生长季指标和海拔均有较高的相关性,海拔对于晋冀山地区的树木生长季结束时间的影响更明显一些。树木生长季的开始时间,结束时间和树木生长季长度和春季和秋季温度都显著相关。1961-2013年,在空间分布上,树木生长季开始时间变化趋势在整个研究区空间上大部分呈提前趋势,树木生长季结束时间呈推后趋势和树木生长季长度的变化趋势则大部分呈增加趋势。本研究在一定程度上可为研究全球气候变化下中国湿润、半湿润暖温带的晋冀山地和黄土高原区的森林植物生长季的变化提供依据。 The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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