Redefinition of patterns of production space on village scale based on evaluation of the land scale operation conditions for Dazhu Village,Chongqing
WANQun, WANGCheng, DUXiangzuo School of Geographical Sciences/The Laboratory of Research on Rural Human Settlements,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China 通讯作者:王成,E-mail:wchorange@126.com 收稿日期:2015-07-26 修回日期:2016-01-4 网络出版日期:2016-03-25 版权声明:2016《资源科学》编辑部《资源科学》编辑部 基金资助:教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目(15YJAZH068)"十二五"农村领域国家科技计划课题(2013BAJ10B07-04A)西南大学人文社会科学研究重大项目培育(14XDSK2004) 作者简介: -->作者简介:万群,女,四川乐山人,硕士生,研究方向为土地利用与乡村发展.E-mail:wanqun1991@126.com
关键词:土地规模经营条件评价;生产空间格局;厘定;新型农业经营主体;大柱村;重庆 Abstract The patterns of production space formed by the new main bodies of agricultural management can play the ability of resource endowment of villages,guarantee farmers employ locally,and promote the intensive and efficient target of production space of villages to complete. Here,we take the Dazhu Village in Hechuan District,Chongqing as a case study and build an index system of evaluation about natural conditions,location conditions,facilities conditions,labor force conditions and circulation conditions (restrictive conditions). Then,we use the method of natural fracture(Jenks)to reclassify the evaluation results of arable land to 5-grade. Based on the spatial distribution of the above grading results,with concentration and continuity as the classification principles,we redefine the patterns of production space for Dazhu Village into four areas (advantage area,good area,middle area and poor area) and extract four patterns formed by the new main bodies of agricultural management (e.g. demonstration area of agricultural enterprise,the development area of agricultural enterprise,the gathering area of professional investors and the family farm area with features). These results can provide theoretical guidance and practical reference regarding the aspects of resource endowment using of villages in hilly and mountain areas,moderate scale management,and the reconstruction of production spaces in villages.
Keywords:evaluation of land scale operation conditions;patterns of production space;redefinition;new main bodies of agricultural management;Dazhu Village;Chongqing -->0 PDF (0KB)元数据多维度评价相关文章收藏文章 本文引用格式导出EndNoteRisBibtex收藏本文--> 万群, 王成, 杜相佐. 基于土地规模经营条件评价的村域生产空间格局厘定----以重庆市合川区大柱村为例[J]. , 2016, 38(3): 387-394 https://doi.org/10.18402/resci.2016.03.02 WANQun, WANGCheng, DUXiangzuo. Redefinition of patterns of production space on village scale based on evaluation of the land scale operation conditions for Dazhu Village,Chongqing[J]. 资源科学, 2016, 38(3): 387-394 https://doi.org/10.18402/resci.2016.03.02
土地规模经营是不同经营主体根据自身生产需求,要求具有一定数量,质量,优质区位的耕地,开展土地利用从而获取产品与服务的过程.据相关研究结果发现,平坦,形状规则和集中连片是开展土地规模经营的最佳区位[7,8];土地资源的空间分布格局与其地形条件是土地资源规模化潜力的主要影响因素[11,12] ;距中心村或村内主干道路的距离是农业机械化生产,产品运输的外部条件;灌排系统,劳动力供应,劳动力技术水平是土地规模经营的内部条件;农户土地流转意愿是开展土地规模经营的基础[6].由此,选取图斑面积,平均地形位指数,分维度指数,粮食单产作为土地规模经营的自然条件评价指标,距城镇距离,距中心村距离,距主干道路距离作为区位条件评价指标,路网密度和沟渠密度作为设施条件评价指标,技术劳动力和普通劳动力作为劳动力条件评价指标,承包农户流转意愿和农业收入比重作为流转条件的评价指标.因此,从耕地的自然,区位,设施,劳动力和流转条件构建五大类13个具体评价指标的土地规模经营条件评价指标体系(表2),以此评价村域内实现土地规模经营的可能条件. Table 2 表2 表2土地规模经营条件评价指标体系 Table 2Evaluation index system of land scale operation conditions
根据公式(1)-公式(3),运用SPSS19.0分析软件计算各具体评价指标权重(表2),并得到大柱村283个耕地图斑的土地规模经营条件综合评价值(表3).基于283个耕地图斑的土地规模经营条件综合评价值及其空间分布情况,对村域土地规模经营条件进行分级.为了保证分级的有效性和科学性,研究采用自然断裂法(Jenks)[22,23],借鉴相关研究成果,运用ArcGIS9.3软件的重分类方法,将大柱村土地规模经营条件的综合评价值分成9级,7级,5级,3级四种结果,对比四种分级结果,参照土地经营的规模,5级分级中的耕地连片度更高,多处于同类地形单元,规模也较为适中,且将整个村域划分为几个较为明显的区域,因而选取5级分级作为大柱村土地规模经营条件的分级标准,其综合评价值范围分别是一级0.603 4~0.696 8,二级0.548 8~0.603 4,三级0.496 8~0.548 8,四级0.436 6~0.496 8,五级0.311 7~0.436 6,因此得到大柱村土地规模经营条件分级图(图1). 显示原图|下载原图ZIP|生成PPT 图1大柱村土地规模经营条件分级 -->Figure 1Classification of land scale operation conditions in Dazhu Village -->
4 村域生产空间格局厘定
根据土地规模经营条件分级结果,遵循最大相似性原理,以集中连片为划分原则,充分发挥村域资源禀赋为目标,适当将不同级别的耕地图斑归并,按照土地规模经营的优劣等级,将大柱村生产空间格局厘定为四个区域(图2). 显示原图|下载原图ZIP|生成PPT 图2大柱村生产空间格局厘定 -->Figure 2Redefinition of production space patterns in Dazhu Village -->
(1)优势区.该区土地规模经营条件大部分处于一级水平,耕地图斑101个,面积113.08hm2(约为1 696亩),主要分布于大柱村北部的三社,四社,六社.地形较为平坦,坡度多在5°以下,局部存在丘包,粮食单产1)[1)根据调研结果,重庆市水田的平均粮食单产为6 000kg/hm2.]在6 000kg/hm2以上占65.11%,村域北部的大肚子河和大小山坪塘46口(总面积约4.95hm2)为该区域提供灌溉水源.钱金公路贯穿全区,村中心大柱场位于其中,道路总长度16 623m,其中主干道路3 861m,灌溉渠总长度2 564m,区内农户456户,非农多样化和非农专业化发展型农户共315户,已完全脱离农业生产,长期稳定务工和从事个体经营,运输和建筑,93%的农户愿意流转土地.兼业化发展型农户141户,年轻劳动力多在重庆主城和合川务工,年老劳动力在家务农,53%的农户愿意流转土地;该区可提供劳动力198.5个,其中农业技术劳动力38个.以上分析可以看出,该区总体表现为土地规模经营条件在自然,区位,设施,劳动力和流转条件方面均较优,无任何限制性障碍因素,是土地规模经营的优势区域.鉴于该区为丘陵山区的平坝区域,研究参考李文安[24]研究成果:平原地区农业企业经营规模约133.34hm2(2 000亩),与本区域113.08hm2(1 696亩)接近,同时,其平坦地势,肥沃土壤,良好的道路,灌渠等生产配套设施,优越的区位条件,充足的劳动力与良好的土地流转条件,可满足大型农业企业用地需求,因此,该区可作为引入农业企业的区域,发展成为全村由传统农业向规模化,机械化,市场化现代农业生产转型的重要平台与示范区域,打造农业企业示范区. Table 3 表3 表3大柱村土地规模经营条件综合评价值 Table 3Comprehensive evaluation value of land scale operation conditions in Dazhu Village
利用耕地的自然,区位,设施,劳动力,流转条件建立土地规模经营条件评价指标体系,评估耕地的自然条件和村域空间资源禀赋,厘定村域生产空间格局,克服了当前土地规模经营研究与地理空间脱节的缺陷,为村域合理开展适度规模经营和生产空间集约高效利用提供一种新思路,满足开展土地流转实现规模经营促进村落发展的现实需求. 根据大柱村283个耕地图斑的土地规模经营条件综合评价值结果,采用自然断裂法进行重分类将耕地图斑分为5级,结合综合评价值相近的耕地图斑,遵循其空间上集中连片原则,将研究区生产空间厘定为优势区,良好区,中等区,较差区四种格局,并针对其综合评价分值及其资源禀赋能力提炼出农业企业示范区,农业企业发展区,专业大户集聚区和特色家庭农场区的新型农业经营主体入驻格局,其结果既可引导农村土地经营权有序流转,实现村域土地合理流转与配置,又可服务于村委会招商引资合理满足新型农业经营主体入驻需求,发展适度规模经营,引导生产空间重构,为统筹村域整体发展,实现城郊都市型休闲农业示范村和城乡统筹型新农村示范村建设目标,建设宜居美丽乡村提供理论基础和实践参考. The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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