Research on the spacial heterogeneity of regional social identity based on geographical detector
LIU Yiming,1,2,3, GU Jingling2, ZHANG Ziyu4, LIU Qing2,3, LI Guicai,2,31. College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China 2. School of Urban Planning and Design, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China 3. Laboratory for Urban Future, Peking University (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China 4. Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing 102488, China
Abstract By integrating the content of social identity and place, this paper puts forward the concept of regional social identity. Both social identity and place are crucial concepts in the field of social sciences and geography. Scholars have achieved massive research results on social identity in psychology, politics, sociology and other disciplines. Research in place also plays an important role in human geography. However, the previous studies lack the deep thinking of spatial attributes and the cognitive improvement of the place. Place is a kind of social orientation of human beings in the social and cultural structure, representing the sense of belonging and dwelling. From the proposal of the new urbanization to the transformation of the main social contradictions, regional research is faced with the transformation from “looking for the factors of regional development increment” to “analyzing the factors of regional differentiation stock”. The regional research in the new era needs to change from the “space efficiency-oriented” research led by industrialization or urban land expansion to the “space equity/justice-oriented” research, so the research on the adaptability of objective economic development and subjective social cognition needs to be carried out urgently. This study analyzes the spatial differentiation of regional social identity based on spatial heterogeneity by the geographical detector and attempts to explore the key geographical detection factors of spatial differentiation through the macro level natural-attribute factors, built-environment factors and socio-economic environmental factors. We hope to find out the key geographical detection factors that cause the spatial differentiation of regional social identity to popularize regional social identity in academia. It is found that along with the rapid development of China's economy and society, the key factors that affect the regional social identity begin to shift from the regional geographic environment macro level factors to the built-environmental factors and socio-economic environmental factors. At the sub-factor level, the per capita GDP, unmarried ratio, the average number of family houses and other geographical detector sub-factors have great influences on the spatial differentiation of regional social identity. Keywords:region;social identity;geographical detector
PDF (4319KB)元数据多维度评价相关文章导出EndNote|Ris|Bibtex收藏本文 本文引用格式 刘一鸣, 辜婧玲, 张梓钰, 刘青, 李贵才. 基于地理探测器的地域社会认同空间分异研究. 地理研究[J], 2021, 40(2): 495-512 doi:10.11821/dlyj020190963 LIU Yiming, GU Jingling, ZHANG Ziyu, LIU Qing, LI Guicai. Research on the spacial heterogeneity of regional social identity based on geographical detector. Geographical Research[J], 2021, 40(2): 495-512 doi:10.11821/dlyj020190963
地域社会认同坐落于空间之上,属于空间数据。空间数据存在可变面源(modified areal unit problem)属性,因此空间单元代表性问题至关重要[32]17-20。本研究最小的空间单元为省级空间单元,由于空间数据也具有空间自相关(spatial autocorrelation)属性,为充分理解地域规律并兼顾适宜性尺度原则[33,34],根据一般性自然地理条件以及社会经济条件,同时参考政策制定以及学术界常用的区域尺度划分,将大尺度空间单元设定为六大地理区域,分别是东北(辽宁、吉林、黑龙江)、华北(北京、天津、河北、山西、内蒙古)、华东(上海、江苏、浙江、安徽、福建、江西、山东)、中南(河南、湖北、湖南、广东、广西、海南)、西北(陕西、甘肃、青海、宁夏、新疆)、西南(重庆、四川、贵州、云南、西藏)。研究的底图均基于国家自然资源部标准地图服务系统的标准地图(审图号:GS(2020)4619号)绘制[35]。
2.2 数据来源及处理
此次研究所涉及的数据主要包括两部分。① 中国社会状况综合调查(Chinese social survey, CSS)问卷数据。中国社会状况综合调查是中国社会科学院社会学研究所于2005年发起的一项全国范围内双年度纵贯调查项目,数据收集方式是以省级单元为基本尺度的多阶段混合概率抽样,数据内容主要聚焦于转型时期中国社会变迁的社会态度、劳动就业、家庭及社会生活等领域。目前,该调查的数据更新至2017年[36]。② 另一部分是统计年鉴,具体涉及《中国统计年鉴》《中国城乡建设统计年鉴》《中国气象年鉴》。
注:此图基于国家自然资源部标准地图服务系统的标准地图(审图号:GS(2020)4619号)绘制,底图无修改。 Fig. 2Regional differentiation of building-environmental factors
3.1.3 经济社会氛围 经济社会演进与时代特色问题往往会激发人类认同的波动,即情感律动(rhythm of sentiment)[75]31。人口密度与人均GDP是人文地理学中人口要素评估的基本因子[76]。恩格尔系数是衡量地区居民生活水平的普及性方法[77]。同时,婚姻问题[78]、老龄化背景下的抚养比问题[79,80]、房产相关问题[81]等,既是社会融合与幸福感等议题研究的关键因子[82,83],也是当下最具时代特色的社会议题,具有重要的现实意义。值得指出的是,经济社会氛围的因子具有相对独立的特征与历时变化的特征,在全国层面的分异并不明确(图3),因此针对关键因子的寻找需要在q值探测环节进一步分析。
注:地域社会认同的相对次序是指在全国范围内对2008年、2013年、2017年六大区域地域社会认同感的排序,主要是为了解相对位置的变化,1代表地域社会认同相对次序的高值。 Fig. 4The relative changes of regional social identity in six regions of China in 2008, 2013 and 2017
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