唐丽雅^1,2,3,4,,
杨利平²,
叶娃⁵,
殷宇鹏²,
刘晓媛⁶,
赵志军⁷,
王炜林^8,9,,
1. 西北大学文化遗产研究与保护技术教育部重点实验室, 陕西 西安 710069
2. 陕西省考古研究院, 陕西 西安 710054
3. 西北大学科技考古学研究中心, 陕西 西安 710069
4. 西北大学文化遗产学院, 陕西 西安 710069
5. 美国加州大学洛杉矶分校扣岑考古研究所, 美国 洛杉矶 90095
6. 西安航空职业技术学院, 陕西 西安 710089
7. 中国社会科学院考古研究所, 北京 100101
8. 陕西历史博物馆, 陕西 西安 710061
9. 山西大学历史文化学院, 山西 太原 030006

基金项目: 国家社会科学基金重大项目“陕西高陵杨官寨遗址考古发掘报告”（批准号：13 & ZD099）资助


详细信息

作者简介: 唐丽雅, 女, 34岁, 博士, 植物考古研究, E-mail:tangliya@nwu.edu.cn

通讯作者: 王炜林, E-mail:1010824988@qq.com或者wangweilin@aliyun.com

中图分类号: K871.13;P914.2;Q949.4

收稿日期:2019-11-02
修回日期:2020-01-18
刊出日期:2020-03-25

Exploration of the medicinal function of ancient herbs: A study on charred plant remains of pit H85 in Yangguanzhai site, Shaanxi Province

Tang Liya^1,2,3,4,,
Yang Liping²,
Ye Wa⁵,
Yin Yupeng²,
Liu Xiaoyuan⁶,
Zhao Zhijun⁷,
Wang Weilin^8,9,,
1. Key Laboratory of Cultural Heritage Research and Conservation(Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi
2. Shaanxi Academy of Archaeology, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi
3. Scientific and Archaeological Research Center, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi
4. School of Cultural Heritage, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi
5. Cotsen Institute of Archeaology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles 90095, USA
6. Xi'an Aeronautical Polytechnic Institute, Xi'an 710089, Shaanxi
7. Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing 100101
8. Shaanxi History Museum, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi
9. College of History and Culture, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi


More Information

Corresponding author: Wang Weilin,E-mail:1010824988@qq.com; wangweilin@aliyun.com

MSC: K871.13;P914.2;Q949.4

--> Received Date: 02 November 2019
Revised Date: 18 January 2020
Publish Date: 25 March 2020


摘要
摘要:植物考古学界多以研究古代农业经济及其发展演变为主，鲜有对其他问题进行深入分析，本文通过对一个灰坑内出土植物遗存的组合特点和量化特点分析，探讨了古代植物的医药功能。由陕西省考古研究院和中美国际田野考古学校联合发掘的西安市高陵区杨官寨遗址H85是庙底沟文化中晚期灰坑，H85坑底的生土台结构和烧烤草拌泥处理壁面的现象显示其早期功能可能与居住有关。前人仅对H85 B12层以上出土植物遗存进行过研究，研究显示第⑧~B12层与居住生活关系密切。此次采集的浮选土样合并相同单位后共计21份，不仅包括第①~B12层样品，还包括最底层的第B14层样品（采样缺少B13层）。此次浮选发现了包括粟（Setaria italica）、黍（Panicum miliaceum）、大豆（Glycine max）、狗尾草（Setaria viridis）、马唐（Digitaria sanguinalis）、草木樨属（Melilotus sp.）、胡枝子属（Lespedeza sp.）、猪毛菜（Salsola collina）、夏至草（Lagopsis supina）、秃疮花（Dicranostigma leptopodum）、泥胡菜（Hemistepta lyrata），以及植物鳞茎（bulk）等20余个种属的植物遗存。H85最底层比较集中地发现了禾本科（Gramineae）杂草、猪毛菜、植物鳞茎、夏至草、秃疮花和泥胡菜等植物。其中，夏至草、秃疮花、泥湖菜的药用价值需要被重视，可能与调节妇女生理机能密切相关，禾本科杂草暗示了铺垫坑底行为的存在，据此推断H85不仅作为房子被使用过，并且其功能可能还具有一定特殊性，这是初次对史前人类的原始医疗情况进行探讨，从医药考古的角度看具有重要意义。量化统计分析还显示，粟、黍是重要的日常口粮，大豆应被利用，胡枝子属、草木樨属这样的小型豆科植物可能与牲畜饲料关系密切。综上，H85出土植物遗存不仅反映了遗迹功能，某种程度上还原了杨官寨先民在饮食、家畜饲养和原始医疗等方面的生活场景。
关键词: 杨官寨遗址/
H85/
庙底沟文化/
植物考古/
植物医药功能

Abstract:Pit H85, a subterranean dwelling of Yangguanzhai Neolithic site, is located in the northeast corner of the settlement on the first terrace of the Jing River, in today's Gaoling district, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province. The AMS ¹⁴C chronometry(2 sigma)shows that the earliest date is 5655~5585 cal.a B.P.(95.4%) and the latest dates are 4810~4520 cal.a B.P.(22.1%), 4710~4670 cal.a B.P.(7.9%), 4660~4520 cal.a B.P.(65.4%). These dates correspond to the middle and late period of the Miaodigou culture based on pottery typology.
In the 2013, 2014, and 2015 seasons, students of the International Archaeological Field School of the Institute for Field Research and the staff members of the Shaanxi Academy of Archaeology extracted 21 soil samples from layers 1~12 and layer 14. Of those samples, 3180 charred seeds/fruits/nutlets of more than 20 species were identified. The results of the floatation included Setaria italica, Panicum miliaceum, Glycine Max, Setaria viridis, Digitaria sanguinalis, Melilotus sp., Lespedeza sp., Salsola collina and Lagopsis Supina, Dicranostigma leptopodum, Hemistepta lyrata, and bulbous plants.
In most case studies, paleobotanical analysis is used to identify the origin of plant domestication, the diet of ancient peoples, the evolution of sustainable economies, and the development of agricultural technology. Case studies rarely focus on the functions of a particular archaeological feature. Based on the previous studies of H85 by Mitchell Ma, which emphasize H85's changing function, the current study examines newly discovered paleobotany remains to understand the special function of the pit in its initial stage. As part of a multifaceted study of the pit, including pottery analysis, zooarchaeological study, micromorphology, and analysis of its site formation, new data from the bottom deposit of the pit reveal densely deposited charred seeds of herbs that are used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat women's ailments. Such herbs include Lagopsis supina, Dicranostigma leptopodum and Hemistepta lyrate, indicating the Yangguanzhai residents' early knowledge of the use of these medicinal herbs.
Key words:Yangguanzhai site/
H85/
Miaodigou culture/
palaeoethnobotany/
medicinal function of herbs



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