杜水生^1,4,,
杨宇霞¹,
王辉^2,3,,
1. 北京师范大学历史学院, 北京 100875
2. 复旦大学科技考古研究院, 上海 200433
3. 甘肃省文物考古研究所, 甘肃 兰州 730000
4. 中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所, 现代古生物学和地层学国家重点实验室, 江苏 南京 210008

基金项目: 中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所现代古生物学和地层学国家重点实验室自主项目（批准号：193108）资助


详细信息

作者简介: 杜水生, 男, 55岁, 教授, 主要从事旧石器时代考古研究, E-mail:ssdu@bnu.edu.cn

通讯作者: 王辉, E-mail:whkobe@yahoo.com.cn

中图分类号: K871.11;K876.2

收稿日期:2019-05-10
修回日期:2019-08-31
刊出日期:2019-11-30

Cultural communication or convergent adaptation: New materials from Loufangzi site at Huanxian County, Gansu Province in 2011~2012

Du Shuisheng^1,4,,
Yang Yuxia¹,
Wang Hui^2,3,,
1. Institute of History, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875
2. Gansu Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu
3. The Institute of Scientific Archaeology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433
4. State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy(Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, CAS), Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu


More Information

Corresponding author: Wang Hui,E-mail:whkobe@yahoo.com.cn

MSC: K871.11;K876.2

--> Received Date: 10 May 2019
Revised Date: 31 August 2019
Publish Date: 30 November 2019


摘要
摘要:楼房子遗址上文化层的时代为旧石器中期晚段，相当于深海氧同位素MIS 3早期。2011~2012年，对楼房子遗址上文化层的发掘获得石制品1632件；类型包括石核102件、石片138件、断块758件、断片505件、各类工具87件以及未加工的石料42件。工具类型包括锯齿刃器30件，占34.5%；刮削器29件，占33.3%；凹缺器16件，占18.4%；尖状器4件，占4.6%；齿状器2件，占2.3%；另外，还有6件石锤，占6.9%。石制品原料以附近柏林沟拣选的石英砂岩为主，硬锤直接打片，除了简单的单台面石核和双台面石核外，还有一定数量的多台面石核和盘状石核，未见勒瓦娄哇石核。石片以宽而薄的普通石片为主，未发现勒瓦娄哇石片和石叶制品。个别刮削器具有莫斯特修理风格。经过与中国北方小石器传统、大石器传统以及具有勒瓦娄哇技术传统的旧石器中期文化对比，齿状类工具在中国北方旧石器中期文化中普遍存在；这些遗址中既有比较进步的丁村人，也有具有尼安德特人特征的许家窑人和许昌人，还有代表尼安德特人文化的通天洞和金斯泰遗址，这说明齿状类工具可能并不存在与某种古人类之间一一对应关系，不宜作为人群迁徙和文化交流的证据，它可能只是旧石器时代中期古人类普遍使用的工具类型；而楼房子遗址和西方旧石器中期文化在这一方面的相似性只能解释为适应趋同；个别刮削器具有莫斯特软锤工具的修理方式，则可能受到同一时期西北地区出现的莫斯特文化的影响，但由于数量很少，也许会有其他解释。总的来看，在旧石器中期晚段，莫斯特文化虽然扩散到中国西北地区，但对中国北方传统旧石器中期文化产生影响的范围、深度十分有限。
关键词: 楼房子遗址/
旧石器时代中期/
莫斯特文化/
文化交流与适应趋同

Abstract:The upper cultural layer of Loufangzi site (36°20'47"N, 107°20'54"E) dates back to late middle Paleolithic age, which is roughly equivalent to early MIS 3.1632 artifacts were excavated during 2011~2012:102 cores, 138 flakes, 758 blocks, 505 broken flakes, 87 various tools and 42 unprocessed materials in total. The typology of tools included denticulates (30 pieces, 34.5%), scrapers (29 pieces, 33.3%), notches (16 pieces, 18.4%), points (4 pieces, 4.6%), spur-like tools (2 pieces, 2.3%) and stone hammers (6 pieces, 6.9%). The major raw material was quartz sandstone selected from the Bailingou River nearby. The cores mainly undergone hard hammer percussion, and there were certain multiple platform cores and discoid cores in addition to simple single platform cores and double platform cores; but the site lacked Levallois cores as well as Levallois flakes and blades. Mostly, the unearthed flakes are ordinary type with wide, thin form. Very few retouching on scrapers reveal a distinct Mousterian style.
By the comparative study on the core-flake tradition in North China, pebble tool tradition and Levallois tradition, denticulate, notches and spur-like tools generally existed in the middle Paleolithic age of north China, whose owners were not only relatively advanced Dingcun Hominin, but also Neanderthal-like Xujiayao Hominin and Xuchang Hominin, even including Neanderthals from Tongtian Cave and Jinsitai Cave, which indicates that the denticulate, notches and spur-like tool was not the specific evidence for cultural communication from west Eurasia but one of common tools used by people living in the middle Paleolithic age from west and east. The similarity between Loufangzi site and middle Paleolithic culture from the western can only be explained as convergent adaptation.
But there are few scrapers retouched in Mousterian style found in Loufangzi site gains many explanations, for example, the phenomenon may be influenced from the Mousterian culture in Northwest China.
In sum, during the late middle Paleolithic age, though the Mousterian culture invaded in North China, to the local culture of core-flake tradition, the influence of the new culture was limited in area and depth aspects.
Key words:Loufangzi site/
middle Paleolithic/
Mousterian/
culture communication and convergent adaptation



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