唐丽雅^1,2,3,,
韩凯²,
马明志⁴,
赵志军⁵
1. 西北大学文化遗产研究与保护教育部重点实验室, 陕西 西安 710069
2. 西北大学文化遗产学院, 陕西 西安 710069
3. 西北大学科技考古学研究中心, 陕西 西安 710069
4. 陕西省考古研究院, 陕西 西安 710054
5. 中国社会科学院考古研究所, 北京 100101

基金项目: 陕西省教育厅哲学社会科学重点研究基地项目“7000~4000 a B.P.汉中盆地出土炭化植物遗存研究”（批准号：15JZ071）资助


详细信息

作者简介: 唐丽雅, 女, 34岁, 博士, 植物考古研究, E-mail:tangliya@nwu.edu.cn

中图分类号: K871.13;P914.2;Q949.4

收稿日期:2019-10-22
修回日期:2020-01-21
刊出日期:2020-03-30

The dispersals of crops: A study on the remains of carbonized plants in the Neolithic age at Longgangsi site in Hanzhong, Shaanxi Province

Tang Liya^1,2,3,,
Han Kai²,
Ma Mingzhi⁴,
Zhao Zhijun⁵
1. Key Laboratory of Cultural Heritage Research and Conservation(Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi
2. School of Cultural Heritage, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi
3. Scientific and Archaeological Research Center, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi
4. Shaanxi Academy of Archaeology, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi
5. Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing 100101


MSC: K871.13;P914.2;Q949.4

--> Received Date: 22 October 2019
Revised Date: 21 January 2020
Publish Date: 30 March 2020


摘要
摘要:粟的南传和水稻的北传是目前学术界极其关注的问题，南北过渡地带是研究这一问题最重要的区域。陕南地区地处汉水上游，是典型的南北过渡地带，这一地区植物考古研究工作仍十分欠缺。此次以汉中龙岗寺遗址发掘和浮选为契机，对陕西秦岭以南地区新石器时代（仰韶-龙山时代）的农业经济特点进行了研究。该遗址地处秦岭以南的中国南北过渡地带，属于北方新石器时代考古学文化系统。龙岗寺遗址按照针对性采样法共采集土样222份，出土农作物遗存2462粒，非农作物遗存1419粒（枚），其中，农作物遗存主要包括粟（Setaria italica）、黍（Panicum miliaceum）和水稻（Oryza sativa）这3种。根据陶器类型显示的相对年代选取T1309G7④层和T1308H171③层的水稻遗存进行了AMS ¹⁴C测年，校正后的年代区间（2σ）为4973~4826 cal.a B.P.，该结果与遗址相对年代判断基本一致。炭化植物的分析研究揭示了5000~4000 cal.a B.P.时期（仰韶-龙山时代）龙岗寺遗址的农业经济情况，表明龙岗寺遗址先民们的农业经济是以小米类作物为主的北方旱作农业经济，并对水稻有一定程度的利用。除此之外，龙岗寺遗址还发现了大豆（Glycine max）、紫苏（Perilla frutescens）、藜（Chenopodium album）等植物遗存，表明先民对这些植物也进行了利用或采集。对该遗址植物遗存进行鉴定与分析填补了秦岭以南汉水上游地区的植物考古研究空白，对研究南北过渡地带的农作物传播和文化交流具有较大意义；龙岗寺所在的汉水谷地不仅是水稻北传、小米南传的必经之地之一，而且是南北方考古学文化交流与传播的重要通道。
关键词: 农作物传播/
汉中地区/
龙岗寺遗址/
新石器时代/
炭化植物遗存

Abstract:The southward dispersal of millet and the northward dispersal of rice are of hot spots to the academic research in the Yangtze River basin. Southern Shaanxi is such a south-north transitional zone located in the upper reaches of the Han river. There was a good opportunity to take excavation and make floatation of Longgangsi Neolithic site in Hanzhong City located at southern Shaanxi Province, however the archaeological culture of this site belongs to the cultural system of the Neolithic age in the north.
A total of 222 soil samples were collected from the site, including 2462 agricultural remains and 1419 non-agricultural remains. The results showed that the crop remains mainly include foxtail millet, broomcorn millet and rice. AMS ¹⁴C dating was conducted on the charred rice grains recovered from T1309G7④ and T1308H171③ according to their relative ages shown by the type of potteries. The time range (2σ) is about 4973~4826 cal.a B.P., which is basically consistent with the relative stratigraphy of the sites defined by archaeological typological sequences for the Yangshao and Longshan culture.
According to the analysis of carbonized plant remains it is suggested that the agricultural economy of 5000~4000 cal.a B.P.(Yangshao-Longshan)in Longgangsi site was millet-based agriculture with rice utilization to some extent. In addition, the remains of soybean(Glycine max), Perilla frutescens and Chenopodium album and other plants were also found at the site of Longgangsi, indicating that the ancestors also used or collected such plants. In conclusion, it is the first study on archaeobotany in the south of Qinling Mountains and is of great significance to the study of crop dispersals and cultural exchange in the transitional zone between the north and the south. Han River basin was one of the corridors where rice from south and millets from north were spread in the ancient.
Key words:dispersals of crops/
Hanzhong area/
Longgangsi site/
Neolithic age/
charred plant remains



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