摘要:地表风化产生的表面覆盖层、风吹送的尘埃、胶结物或附着物在岩矿表面形成的外壳是影响地表高光谱遥感识别和反演的重要和关键因素。本研究区位于干旱缺水的新疆西准噶尔包古图地区，对岩矿表面的风化面、胶结物形成的荒漠漆、附着于岩面的地衣和原岩的新鲜面进行了波谱测定分析、X射线荧光元素分析和光薄片镜下观察。结果表明：该地区的大部分岩石表面有风化层覆盖，主要为物理风化，少部分岩石表面发生了化学风化；荒漠漆波谱在可见光波段改变原岩本身的波谱形态，但在短波红外波段，保持原岩波谱特征只改变了反射率大小，并不影响对原岩矿物质的高光谱探测；地衣附着于岩表的波谱特征不仅改变了波谱反射率，还完全改变了原岩的波谱形态，对原岩表面波谱有混淆干扰作用。岩矿表面的研究是波谱测量从实验室走向野外实际应用的基础，也是利用高光谱遥感技术直接进行矿物识别、相似矿物的区分以及提取矿物含量和化学成分研究的最初和关键一步。
关键词: 波谱分析/
表面风化/
荒漠漆/
去包络线分析
Abstract:The surface wreathing produces coatings, the coating formed form adherence of wind-bore dust, the cemented coating and attachments on rock surface are the importance keys of reflectance spectra of the terrain. This research had carried on the weathering and fresh of typical mineral rock, desert-varnish and lichens by the ASD field spectral radiometer, X-ray fluorescence analysis and microscopic photographs observation in Baogutu western Junggar, Xinjiang. The study found that: most of the region had weathered rock surface, which mainly happened the physical weathering, but few of rock surface had the chemical weathering, which changed the mineral composition and content; in visible wavelengths, the wavelength was changed by desert-varnish, however, in the short wavelengths especially its composite band and CO3-2, the spectral form didn't change only on different reflectance, which did not affect the high spectrum detection of rock minerals; spectral characteristics of lichen shows basic spectral characteristics of vegetation, completely changed the rock substrate surface spectral curve, and it should be noted that the interference effect of lichen on mineral lithology in hyperspectral remote sensing.
Key words:Spectrum analysis/
Surface weathering/
Desert-varnish/
Continuum removed
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