Lei Zhang
Fred H. Gage
1 Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA;
2 Neurobiology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
Funds: We thank M.L. Gage for editorial comments. M.W. was supported by a training grant from the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine. This study was supported by the Paul G. Allen Family Foundation, the National Institutes of Health U01# MH106882, the JPB Foundation, the Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust (#2017-PG-MED001), Annette Merle-Smith and the Lookout Foundation, and the G. Harold & Leila Y. Mathers Charitable Foundation to F.H.G.
Received Date: 2019-03-22
Rev Recd Date:2019-05-03
Publish Date:2020-01-10
Abstract
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric disorders are complex disorders characterized by heterogeneous genetic variations, variable symptoms, and widespread changes in anatomical pathology. In the context of neuropsychiatric disorders, limited access to relevant tissue types presents challenges for understanding disease etiology and developing effective treatments. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) reprogrammed from patient somatic cells offer an opportunity to recapitulate disease development in relevant cell types, and they provide novel approaches for understanding disease mechanisms and for development of effective treatments. Here we review recent progress and challenges in differentiation paradigms for generating disease-relevant cells and recent studies of neuropsychiatric disorders using human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) models where cellular phenotypes linked to disease have been reported. The use of iPSC-based disease models holds great promise for understanding disease mechanisms and supporting discovery of effective treatments.Keywords: neuropsychiatric disorders,
iPSCs,
brain organoid,
schizophrenia,
autism spectrum disorder,
bipolar disorder
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