Sheng Zhou
Shengyan Gao
Hongyu Deng
1 CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
3 CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
Funds: This work was supported by grants from the Ministry of Science and Technology (National Key R&D Program of China, No. 2016YFA0502101) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81630059 and 81325012).
Received Date: 2018-02-13
Abstract
Abstract
Many viruses, enveloped or non-enveloped, remodel host membrane structures for their replication, assembly and escape from host cells. Herpesviruses are important human pathogens and cause many diseases. As large enveloped DNA viruses, herpesviruses undergo several complex steps to complete their life cycles and produce infectious progenies. Firstly, herpesvirus assembly initiates in the nucleus, producing nucleocapsids that are too large to cross through the nuclear pores. Nascent nucleocapsids instead bud at the inner nuclear membrane to form primary enveloped virions in the perinuclear space followed by fusion of the primary envelopes with the outer nuclear membrane, to translocate the nucleocapsids into the cytoplasm. Secondly, nucleocapsids obtain a series of tegument proteins in the cytoplasm and bud into vesicles derived from host organelles to acquire viral envelopes. The vesicles are then transported to and fuse with the plasma membrane to release the mature virions to the extracellular space. Therefore, at least two budding and fusion events take place at cellular membrane structures during herpesviruses assembly and egress, which induce membrane deformations. In this review, we describe and discuss how herpesviruses exploit and remodel host membrane structures to assemble and escape from the host cell.Keywords: herpesviruses,
assembly,
egress,
budding,
fusion,
membrane deformations
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