Spatial variations of ginsenosides in Panax ginseng and their impact factors
GUOJie1,2, ZHANGQin1, SUNCheng-Zhong3, WENJian4, XIECai-Xiang1,*, 1Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China2School of Chemistry Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China3Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping, Beijing 100830, China4College of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China 通讯作者:* 通信作者Author for correspondence (E-mail: caixiangxie@163.com) 收稿日期:2016-12-2 修回日期:2017-07-9 网络出版日期:2017-09-30 版权声明:2017植物生态学报编辑部本文是遵循CCAL协议的开放存取期刊,引用请务必标明出处。 基金资助:国家自然科学基金(81473304)和国家科技支撑计划(2015BAI05B01)
关键词:人参;皂苷含量;空间变异;生态因子 Abstract Aims This study aimed to reveal how ginsenosides content in Panax ginseng varied spatially and the regulating roles of environmental factors.Methods Twenty eight P. ginseng samples were collected from Heilongjiang, Jilin and Liaoning provinces, and nine kinds of ginsenosides content in P. ginseng were measured. The one-way ANOVA was used to evaluate their spatial variations. The method of UPLC was employed to determine the content of nine kinds of ginsenosides in P. ginseng. The principal component analysis (PCA), correlation analysis (CA) and redundancy analysis (RDA) were used to analyze the relationship between ginsenosides content and ecological factors (including climate and soil factors).Important findings The results showed that the content of ginsenosides in P. ginseng from Jilin and Liaoning was similar, and higher than that in Heilongjiang. Precipitation was the most important climate factor affecting the contents of ginsenosides. High temperature and strong sunshine limited the content of ginsenosides. The analysis on ginsenosides and soil factors indicated that soil nitrogen content, Fe, K, organic matter, pH value, Mn, P, Zn all had significant influences on the content of ginsenosides.
新窗口打开 为进一步分析热量和水分因子对人参品质的影响, 对不同采样点的月降水量和月平均气温进行冗余分析。 根据图3A, 除9月外的其余11个月降水量均与人参皂苷含量呈正相关关系, 且9月降水量对人参皂苷含量影响较小, 说明较大的降水量有利于人参皂苷的积累, 这与上文中降水量与人参皂苷含量正相关的分析结果一致。图3B显示, 6-9月的月平均气温与人参皂苷含量负相关, 其余月份月平均气温与人参皂苷含量正相关。6-9月为人参的主要生长期, 说明人参主要生长期中高温抑制人参皂苷的积累, 但其他时间较高的温度则有利于人参皂苷的积累。这与上文中较温暖环境适合皂苷积累、高温是人参皂苷积累的主要限制因素的结果相符。 显示原图|下载原图ZIP|生成PPT 图3人参皂苷(Rb1、Rb2、Rc、Re、Rf、Rg1)含量与月降水量(A)和月平均气温(B)的冗余分析。AP1-AP12, 1-12月月降水量; TM1-TM12, 1-12月月平均气温。 -->Fig. 3Redundancy analysis of average monthly precipitation (A), average monthly temperature (B) and ginsenosides (Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Re, Rf, Rg1) content in Panax ginseng. AP1-AP12, average monthly precipitation of Jan. to Nov.; TM1-TM12, average monthly temperature of Jan. to Nov. -->
2.4 土壤因子与皂苷含量相关性分析
为分析土壤中营养元素与人参皂苷含量关系, 采用冗余分析对5种人参特征皂苷与土壤营养元素进行相关性分析(图4)。前两个排序轴对皂苷含量与环境因子的解释度为81.7%, 说明在人参皂苷含量与土壤因子间存在显著的相关关系。并且前两个排序轴解释了不同产地间人参皂苷含量间变异的61.9%。排序轴1与全氮、Fe含量显著正相关(相关系数分别为0.583、0.444), 与K含量显著负相关(相关系数为-0.251); 排序轴2与全氮含量、pH值显著负相关(相关系数分别为-0.176、-0.128), 与有机质、Mn含量显著正相关(相关系数分别为0.270、0.218)。图4显示, 人参皂苷Rg1、Rb1含量与全氮、Fe含量负相关, 与K含量正相关; 人参皂苷Re含量与全氮、Fe、Mn、P含量正相关, 与K含量负相关; 人参皂苷Rf、Rc、Rb2含量与有机质、Mn、Zn、P含量正相关, 与pH值负相关。 显示原图|下载原图ZIP|生成PPT 图4人参皂苷(Rb1、Rb2、Rc、Re、Rf、Rg1)含量与土壤因子冗余分析。 -->Fig. 4Redundancy analysis of soil factors and ginsenosides (Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Re, Rf, Rg1) content in Panax ginseng. OM, organic matter; TN, total nitrogen. -->
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