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![yangzhengguo10@mails.ucas.ac.cn](http://html.rhhz.net/ZGKXYDXXB/images/REemail.gif)
中国科学院大学数学科学学院, 北京 100049
摘要: 主要研究整群环Ζ[C4×C4]的K理论.证明整群环Ζ[C4×C4]的相对SK1群为秩是3的初等阿贝尔群.也证明了K2(Ζ[C4×C4])的4秩至少是1,K2(Ζ[C4×C4])的2秩至少是10.
关键词: 整群环相对SK1群K2群
The structure of the relative SK1 group of the integral group ring is crucial to compute the K2 group of the integral group ring. However it is very difficult to determine the exact structure of the relative SK1 group. We can only find some results about the structure of the relative SK1 group K1(
1 PreliminariesLet Cn be a cyclic group of order n,p be a prime number,and Fp be a finite field of p elements. Let J(R) denote the Jacobson radical of a ring R. We first introduce a basic definition which is crucial to compute the relative SK1 group.
Definition 1.1 Let G be a finite Abelian p-group and OF be the ring of integers in an algebraic number field F. A subset
The following two theorems will be used to determine K1(
Theorem 1.1 (Theorem 1.10 in Ref.[1]) Let G be a finite Abelian 2-group and S0 an imaginary cluster of characters for G. Then
$\begin{align} & S{{K}_{1}}\left( \mathbb{Z}\left[ G \right],2\mathbb{Z}\left[ G \right] \right)= \\ & \left[ \underset{\chi \in {{S}_{0}}}{\mathop{\Pi }}\,\operatorname{Im}\chi \right]/{{\psi }_{\chi {{s}_{0}}}}\left( G\otimes \left( 2-\phi \right)\left( J\left( {{{\hat{\mathbb{Z}}}}_{2}}\left[ G \right] \right) \right) \right) \\ \end{align}$ |
$\left( \sum {{\lambda }_{g}}g \right)=\sum {{\lambda }_{g}}{{g}^{2}}$ |
${{\psi }_{\chi ij}}\left( g\otimes h \right)=\left\{ \begin{align} & \chi ij\left( g \right), if\chi ij\left( h \right)=1 \\ & 1, if\chi ij\left( h \right)\ne 1 \\ \end{align} \right.$ |
exp(SK1(
2 Main resultsThe following are the main results of this paper.
Theorem 2.1 K1(
Proof Let G=C4×C4=<σ,τ|σ4=τ4=1,στ=τσ>, and ξ be a primitive 4th root of unity. Define the characters of C4×C4 as follows:
χij,0≤i,j≤3,
χij(σ)=ξi,χij(τ)=ξj,
then χij(σhτk)=ξhi+jk. Let S0={χ1j,0≤j≤3,χi1,i=0,2}, then by Proposition 4.7 of Ref.[1],S0 is an imaginary cluster of C4×C4.
Then by Theorem 1.1,
$\begin{align} & S{{K}_{1}}\left( \mathbb{Z}\left[ {{C}_{4}}\times {{C}_{4}} \right],2\mathbb{Z}\left[ {{C}_{4}}\times {{C}_{4}} \right] \right)= \\ & \left[ \underset{\chi \in {{S}_{0}}}{\mathop{\Pi }}\,im\chi \right]/{{\psi }_{\chi {{S}_{0}}}}\left( G\otimes \pm 2-\phi \right)\left. \left( J\left( {{{\hat{\mathbb{Z}}}}_{2}}\left[ G \right] \right) \right) \right) \\ \end{align}$ |
Next we will determine the structure of
For any
$\begin{align} & \left\{ {{\psi }_{\chi {{S}_{0}}}} \right.\left( \sigma \otimes \left( 2-\phi \right)\left( 2 \right) \right),{{\psi }_{\chi {{S}_{0}}}}\left( \tau \otimes \left( 2-\phi \right)\left( 2 \right) \right), \\ & {{\psi }_{\chi {{S}_{0}}}}\left( \sigma \otimes \left( 2-\phi \right)\left( {{\sigma }^{i}}{{\tau }^{j}}-1 \right) \right), \\ & {{\psi }_{\chi {{S}_{0}}}}\left( \tau \otimes \left( 2-\phi \right)\left( {{\sigma }^{i}}{{\tau }^{j}}-1 \right) \right),0\le i,j\le \left. 3 \right\} \\ \end{align}$ |
$\begin{align} & \left( 2-\phi \right)\left( \sigma \tau -1 \right)=2\sigma \tau -2-{{\sigma }^{2}}{{\tau }^{2}}+1 \\ & =-{{\sigma }^{2}}{{\tau }^{2}}+2\sigma \tau -1 \\ \end{align}$ |
$\begin{align} & {{\psi }_{\chi {{S}_{0}}}}\left( \tau \otimes \left( 2-\phi \right)\left( \sigma \tau -1 \right) \right)= \\ & {{\psi }_{\chi {{S}_{0}}}}\left( \tau \otimes \left( -{{\sigma }^{2}}{{\tau }^{2}}+2\sigma \tau -1 \right) \right)= \\ & \left( {{y}_{ij}} \right)\in \underset{\chi \in {{S}_{0}}}{\mathop{\Pi }}\,im\chi \\ \end{align}$ |
$\begin{align} & {{y}_{ij}}={{\psi }_{\chi ij}}\left( \sigma \otimes \left( -{{\sigma }^{2}}{{\tau }^{2}}+2\sigma \tau -1 \right) \right) \\ & ={{\psi }_{\chi ij}}{{\left( \sigma \otimes {{\sigma }^{2}}{{\tau }^{2}} \right)}^{-1}}{{\psi }_{\chi ij}}{{\left( \sigma \otimes \sigma \tau \right)}^{2}}\times \\ & {{\psi }_{\chi ij}}{{\left( \sigma \otimes 1 \right)}^{-1}} \\ \end{align}$ |
ψχS0(σ?(2-φ)(στ-1))=(1,ξ3,ξ2,ξ3,1,ξ2).
Using the same method,we can get the following generators:
ψχS0(σ?(2-φ)(1-1)
=ψχS0(τ?(1-1))=(1,1,1,1,1,1),
{ψχS0(σ?(2-φ)(2))=(1,ξ2,ξ2,ξ2,ξ2,1),
ψχS0(τ?(2-φ)(2))=(ξ2,1,ξ2,1,ξ2,ξ2),
ψχS0(σ?(2-φ)(τ-1))=(1,1,ξ3,ξ2,ξ3,ξ2),
ψχS0(σ?(2-φ)(τ2-1))=(1,1,ξ2,1,ξ2,1),
ψχS0(σ?(2-φ)(τ3-1))=(1,1,ξ3,ξ2,ξ3,ξ2),
ψχS0(σ?(2-φ)(σ-1))=(1,ξ3,ξ3,ξ3,ξ3,1),
ψχS0(σ?(2-φ)(στ-1))=(1,ξ3,ξ2,ξ3,1,ξ2),
ψχS0(σ?(2-φ)(στ2-1))=(1,ξ3,ξ3,ξ3,ξ3,1),
ψχS0(σ?(2-φ)(στ3-1))=(1,ξ3,1,ξ3,ξ2,ξ2),
ψχS0(σ?(2-φ)(σ2-1))=(1,ξ2,ξ2,ξ2,ξ2,1),
ψχS0(σ?(2-φ)(σ2τ-1))=(1,ξ2,ξ3,1,ξ3,ξ2),
ψχS0(σ?(2-φ)(σ2τ2-1))=(1,ξ2,1,ξ2,1,1),
ψχS0(σ?(2-φ)(σ2τ3-1))=(1,ξ2,ξ3,1,ξ3,ξ2),
ψχS0(σ?(2-φ)(σ3-1))=(1,ξ3,ξ3,ξ3,ξ3,1),
ψχS0(σ?(2-φ)(σ3τ-1))=(1,ξ3ξ3,1,ξ3,ξ2,ξ2),
ψχS0(σ?(2-φ)(σ3τ2-1))=(1,ξ3ξ3,ξ3,ξ3,ξ3,1),
ψχS0(σ?(2-φ)(σ3τ3-1))=(1,ξ3,ξ2,ξ3,1,ξ2),
ψχS0(τ?(2-φ)(τ-1))=(ξ3,1,ξ3,1,ξ,ξ3),
ψχS0(τ?(2-φ)(τ2-1))=(ξ2,1,ξ2,1,ξ2,ξ2),
ψχS0(τ?(2-φ)(τ3-1))=(ξ3,1,ξ3,1,ξ,ξ3),
ψχS0(τ?(2-φ)(σ-1))=(1,1,ξ3,ξ2,ξ,ξ2),
ψχS0(τ?(2-φ)(στ-1))=(ξ3,1,ξ2,ξ2,1,ξ3),
ψχS0(τ?(2-φ)(στ2-1))=(ξ2,1,ξ3,ξ2,ξ,1),
ψχS0(τ?(2-φ)(στ3-1))=(ξ3,1,1,ξ2,ξ2,ξ3),
ψχS0(τ?(2-φ)(σ2-1))=(1,1,ξ2,1,ξ2,1),
ψχS0(τ?(2-φ)(σ2τ-1))=(ξ3,1,ξ3,1,ξ,ξ3),
ψχS0(τ?(2-φ)(σ2τ2-1))=(ξ2,1,1,1,1,ξ2),
ψχS0(τ?(2-φ)(σ2τ3-1))=(ξ3,1,ξ3,1,ξ,ξ3),
ψχS0(τ?(2-φ)(σ3-1))=(1,1,ξ3,ξ2,ξ,ξ2),
ψχS0(τ?(2-φ)(σ3τ-1))=(ξ3,1,1,ξ2,ξ2,ξ3),
ψχS0(τ?(2-φ)(σ3τ2-1))=(ξ2,1,ξ3,ξ2,ξ,1),
ψχS0(τ?(2-φ)(σ3τ3-1))=(ξ3,1,ξ2,ξ2,1,ξ3)}.
Because some of these generators are the same,we use ai to denote the different generators:
{a1=(1,ξ2,ξ2,ξ2,ξ2,1);
a2=(ξ2,1,ξ2,1,ξ2,ξ2);
a3=(1,1,ξ3,ξ2,ξ3,ξ2);
a4=(1,1,ξ2,1,ξ2,1);
a5=(1,ξ3,ξ3,ξ3,ξ3,1);
a6=(1,ξ3,ξ2,ξ3,1,ξ2);
a7=(1,ξ3,1,ξ3,ξ2,ξ2);
a8=(1,ξ2,ξ3,1,ξ3,ξ2);
a9=(1,ξ2,1,ξ2,1,1);
a10=(ξ3,1,ξ3,1,ξ,ξ3);
a11=(1,1,ξ3,ξ2,ξ,ξ2);
a12=(ξ3,1,ξ2,ξ2,1,ξ3);
a13=(ξ2,1,ξ3,ξ2,ξ,1);
a14=(ξ3,1,1,ξ2,ξ2,ξ3);
a15=(ξ2,1,1,1,1,ξ2);
a16=(ξ3,1,ξ2,ξ2,1,ξ3).}
Next we will determine the structure of the group generated by ai which is ψχS0(G?(2-φ)(J(
For 1≤i≤6,let bi be the vector of dimension 6 in which the ith component is ξ2 and the other components are all equal to 1. Let b7=(ξ,1,1,1,1,ξ),b8=(1,ξ,1,ξ,1,1),b9=(1,1,ξ,1,ξ,1). We show that {bi,1≤i≤9} is a generating set of the group generated by {ai,1≤i≤16}.
On one hand,{bi,1≤i≤9} can be generated by {ai,1≤i≤16}:
a5·a6·a11=(1,ξ2,1,1,1,1)=b2,
a9·b2=(1,1,1,ξ2,1,1)=b4,
a5·a7·a8·b4=(1,1,ξ2,1,1,1)=b3,
a4·b3=(1,1,1,1,ξ2,1)=b5,
a3·a4·a10·a12·a14·a16=(1,1,1,1,1,ξ2)=b6,
a15·b6=(ξ2,1,1,1,1,1)=b1,
a12·b1·b3·b4·b6=(ξ,1,1,1,1,ξ)=b7,
a7·b2·b4·b5·b6=(1,ξ,1,ξ,1,1)=b8,
a8·b2·b3·b5·b6=(1,1,ξ,1,ξ,1)=b9.
On the other hand,{ai,1≤i≤16} can be generated by {bi,1≤i≤9}:
a1=b2·b3·b4·b5,a2=b1·b3·b5·b6,
a3=b3·b4·b5·b6·b9,a4=b3·b5,
a5=b2·b3·b4·b5·b8·b9,a6
=b2·b3·b4·b6·b8,
a7=b2·b4·b5·b6·b8,a8=b2·b3·b5·b6·b9,
a9=b2·b4,a10=b1·b3·b6·b7·b9,
a11=b3·b4·b6·b9,a12=b1·b3·b4·b6·b7,
a13=b1·b3·b4·b9,a14=b1·b4·b5·b6·b7,
a15=b1·b6,a16=b1·b3·b4·b6·b7.
Hence {bi,1≤i≤9} is an generating set of ψχS0(G?(2-φ)(J(
It is easy to know that these 6 elements {bi,1≤i≤6} generate an elementary Abelian 2-group of rank 6. We denote this group by H. Then the 8 cosets,
{H,b7H,b8H,b9H,b7b8H,b7b9H,b8b9H,b7b8b9H},
are disjoint with each other and their union is ψχS0(G?(2-φ)(J(
|ψχS0(G?(2-φ)(J(
and
$\left| S{{K}_{1}}\left( \mathbb{Z}\left[ {{C}_{4}}\times {{C}_{4}} \right],2\mathbb{Z}\left[ {{C}_{4}}\times {{C}_{4}} \right] \right) \right|\frac{{{4}^{6}}}{{{2}^{9}}}={{2}^{3}}$ |
exp(SK1(
So
K1(
□
Corollary 2.1 K1(
Proof By Theorem 1.11 in Ref.[1],we have K1(
K1(
So K1(
Theorem 2.2 The 4-rank ofK2(
Proof By the long exact sequence of K-theory,we have
$\begin{align} & {{K}_{2}}\left( \mathbb{Z}\left[ {{C}_{4}}\times {{C}_{4}} \right] \right)\xrightarrow{{{f}_{1}}}{{K}_{2}}\left( {{\mathbb{Z}}_{2}}\left[ {{C}_{4}}\times {{C}_{4}} \right] \right)\xrightarrow{{{f}_{2}}} \\ & S{{K}_{1}}\left( \mathbb{Z}\left[ {{C}_{4}}\times {{C}_{4}} \right] \right),2\mathbb{Z}\left[ {{C}_{4}}\times {{C}_{4}} \right]\xrightarrow{{{f}_{3}}} \\ & S{{K}_{1}}\left( \mathbb{Z}\left[ {{C}_{4}}\times {{C}_{4}} \right] \right)\xrightarrow{{{f}_{4}}}S{{K}_{1}}\left( {{F}_{2}}\left[ {{C}_{4}}\times {{C}_{4}} \right] \right) \\ \end{align}$ |
K1(
$\begin{align} & {{K}_{2}}\left( \mathbb{Z}\left[ {{C}_{4}}\times {{C}_{4}} \right] \right)\xrightarrow{{{f}_{1}}}C_{2}^{9}\oplus C_{4}^{3}\xrightarrow{{{f}_{2}}} \\ & C_{2}^{3}\xrightarrow{{{f}_{3}}}{{C}_{2}}\xrightarrow{{{f}_{4}}}1 \\ \end{align}$ |
$\begin{align} & {{K}_{2}}\left( \mathbb{Z}\left[ {{C}_{4}}\times {{C}_{4}} \right] \right)\xrightarrow{{{f}_{1}}}C_{2}^{9}\oplus C_{4}^{3}\xrightarrow{{{f}_{2}}} \\ & C_{2}^{2}\to 1 \\ \end{align}$ |
{C211⊕C4;C29⊕C42;C27⊕C43}.
In any of these cases, im(f1) contains one cyclic subgroup of order 4 as its direct summand. Then the 4-rank ofK2(
References
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