删除或更新信息,请邮件至freekaoyan#163.com(#换成@)

酒用糯高粱资源成株期抗旱性鉴定及抗旱指标筛选

本站小编 Free考研考试/2021-12-26

汪灿, 周棱波, 张国兵, 徐燕, 张立异, 高旭, 高杰, 姜讷, 邵明波. 酒用糯高粱资源成株期抗旱性鉴定及抗旱指标筛选[J]. , 2017, 50(7): 1388-1402 https://doi.org/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.08.004
WANG Can, ZHOU LingBo, ZHANG GuoBing, XU Yan, ZHANG LiYi, GAO Xu, GAO Jie, JIANG Ne, SHAO MingBo. Drought Resistance Identification and Drought Resistance Indices Screening of Liquor-Making Waxy Sorghum Resources at Adult Plant Stage[J]. Scientia Acricultura Sinica, 2017, 50(7): 1388-1402 https://doi.org/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.08.004

0 引言

【研究意义】高粱(Sorghum bicolor L. Moench)是中国长期种植的禾谷类作物,具有食用、饲用和酿造等多种使用价值[1-3]。糯高粱是酿造茅台酒等酱香型高档白酒的主要原料,在中国区域经济发展中占有重要地位[4-5]。与其他作物相比,虽然高粱具有较强的抗旱能力[6-7],但随着全球气候的变暖及水资源供需矛盾的加剧,干旱已成为影响高粱生产的重要因素之一[8-10]。因此,鉴定酒用糯高粱资源成株期的抗旱性、筛选抗旱指标,对酒用糯高粱抗旱品种选育、抗旱机理及干旱调控缓解机制的研究具有重要意义。【前人研究进展】作物抗旱性鉴定及抗旱指标筛选是开展作物抗旱性研究首先要解决的关键技术,需要将不同指标相结合,对各个时期进行综合评价[11-13]。长期以来,关于作物抗旱性鉴定及抗旱指标筛选的研究已有不少报道[14-16]。在高粱方面,BIBI等[17]筛选出了抗旱性强的材料5份,认为根长可作为苗期的抗旱性鉴定指标;吴奇等[18]筛选出了高度抗旱型品种1份、抗旱型品种13份、敏感型品种23份和高度敏感型品种1份,认为萌发抗旱指数、发芽率和根长可作为萌发期抗旱性鉴定的主要指标;杨帆等[19]利用隶属函数法筛选出了抗旱品种绿能1号和济甜杂2号,认为发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数可作为萌发期抗旱品种筛选的依据;王艺陶等[20]筛选出高度抗旱品种4个、抗旱品种4个、中等抗旱品种8个、干旱敏感品种7个和高度干旱敏感品种8个,认为相对芽长、相对根长和相对萌发指数可作为抗旱性鉴定的重要指标;王瑞等[21]筛选出抗旱性3级以上的材料14份,其中1级抗旱材料2份。【本研究切入点】干旱是影响酒用糯高粱产量和品质的重要因素之一,极大地制约了酒用糯高粱生产的发展及农民种植酒用糯高粱的积极性。因此,鉴定酒用糯高粱的抗旱性、筛选抗旱指标、培育抗旱品种迫在眉睫。目前,关于酒用糯高粱资源成株期抗旱性鉴定及抗旱指标筛选的研究还未见报道。【拟解决的关键问题】本研究设置正常灌水和干旱胁迫2个处理,在旱棚内进行田间试验,利用综合评价法对50份酒用糯高粱材料的株高、穗长、茎粗、分蘖数、穗粒数、千粒重、单株粒重和产量进行鉴定与评价,从而筛选出成株期抗旱性强的酒用糯高粱材料及易测定的与酒用糯高粱资源抗旱性密切相关的指标,以期为酒用糯高粱抗旱育种、抗旱机理及干旱调控缓解机制的研究提供基础材料。

1 材料与方法

1.1 试验材料

供试酒用糯高粱材料共计50份,其中贵州常规品种6份、四川常规品种4份、湖南常规品种3份、山西常规品种3份、黔高7号改良系9份、红缨子改良系4份、两糯1号选系6份、泸糯8号选系5份和杂交组合10份(表1)。
Table 1
表1
表150份酒用糯高粱材料信息
Table 1The information of 50 liquor-making waxy sorghum materials
编号
Number
名称
Name
母×父
Parents
编号
Number
名称
Name
母×父
Parents
GG01两恢229-1
Lianghui 229-1
黔高7号×泸糯8号
Qiangao 7×Lunuo 8
GG26粱丰209-2
Liangfeng 209-2
四川常规品种
Conventional cultivar in Sichuan
GG02两恢230-3
Lianghui 230-3
黔高7号×泸糯12号
Qiangao 7×Lunuo 12
GG27两恢222-3
Lianghui 222-3
红缨子改良系
Derived from Hongyingzi
GG03两恢225-3
Lianghui 225-3
黔高7号改良系
Derived from Qiangao 7
GG28两恢215-9
Lianghui 215-9
黔高7号×泸糯12号
Qiangao 7×Lunuo 12
GG04两恢229-2
Lianghui 229-2
红缨子改良系
Derived from Hongyingzi
GG29两恢213-4
Lianghui 213-4
红缨子改良系
Derived from Hongyingzi
GG05品鉴11-21
Pinjian 11-21
贵州常规品种
Conventional cultivar in Guizhou
GG30两恢222-4
Lianghui 222-4
黔高7号改良系
Derived from Qiangao 7
GG06两恢230-5
Lianghui 230-5
黔高7号改良系
Derived from Qiangao 7
GG31两恢13-5
Lianghui 13-5
黔高7号×泸糯8号
Qiangao 7×Lunuo 8
GG07两恢205-6
Lianghui 205-6
泸糯8号选系
Derived from Lunuo 8
GG32两恢265-3
Lianghui 265-3
黔高7号改良系
Derived from Qiangao 7
GG08品鉴17-7
Pinjian 17-7
贵州常规品种
Conventional cultivar in Guizhou
GG33两恢216-4
Lianghui 216-4
黔高7号改良系
Derived from Qiangao 7
GG09两恢228-7
Lianghui 228-7
两糯1号选系
Derived from Liangnuo 1
GG34两恢218-6
Lianghui 218-6
两糯1号选系
Derived from Liangnuo 1
GG10两恢235-1
Lianghui 235-1
泸糯8号选系
Derived from Lunuo 8
GG35粱丰79-4
Liangfeng 79-4
山西常规品种
Conventional cultivar in Shanxi
GG11粱丰208-2
Liangfeng 208-2
黔高7号改良系
Derived from Qiangao 7
GG36两恢260-4
Lianghui 260-4
泸糯8号选系
Derived from Lunuo 8
GG12南两恢26-2
Nanlianghui 26-2
黔高7号×泸糯8号
Qiangao 7×Lunuo 8
GG37两恢222-1
Lianghui 222-1
黔高7号×泸糯12号
Qiangao 7×Lunuo 8
GG13两恢205-5
Lianghui 205-5
泸糯8号选系
Derived from Lunuo 8
GG38两恢222-2
Lianghui 222-2
泸糯8号选系
Derived from Lunuo 8
GG14粱丰89-3
Liangfeng 89-3
四川常规品种
Conventional cultivar in Sichuan
GG39两恢214-1
Lianghui 214-1
黔高7号改良系
Derived from Qiangao 7
GG15两恢206-1
Lianghui 206-1
两糯1号选系
Derived from Liangnuo 1
GG40粱丰247-3
Liangfeng 247-3
湖南常规品种
Conventional cultivar in Hunan
GG16两恢219-5
Lianghui 219-5
黔高7号×泸糯12号
Qiangao 7×Lunuo 12
GG41两恢214-2
Lianghui 214-2
黔高7号改良系
Derived from Qiangao 7
GG17粱丰131-1
Liangfeng 131-1
山西常规品种
Conventional cultivar in Shanxi
GG42粱丰162-9
Liangfeng 162-9
湖南常规品种
Conventional cultivar in Hunan
GG18粱丰132-1
Liangfeng 132-1
山西常规品种
Conventional cultivar in Shanxi
GG43两恢234-1
Lianghui 234-1
两糯1号选系
Derived from Liangnuo 1
GG19两恢221-1
Lianghui 221-1
两糯1号选系
Derived from Liangnuo 1
GG44两恢217-4
Lianghui 217-4
两糯1号选系
Derived from Liangnuo 1
GG20红缨子
Hongyingzi
贵州常规品种
Conventional cultivar in Guizhou
GG45粱丰141-3
Liangfeng 141-3
四川常规品种
Conventional cultivar in Sichuan
GG21红茅糯2号
Hongmaonuo 2
贵州常规品种
Conventional cultivar in Guizhou
GG46南两恢26-10
Nanlianghui 26-10
黔高7号×泸糯8号
Qiangao 7×Lunuo 8
GG22茅粱糯1号
Maoliangnuo 1
贵州常规品种
Conventional cultivar in Guizhou
GG47两恢230-7
Lianghui 230-7
黔高7号改良系
Derived from Qiangao 7
GG23红珍珠
Hongzhenzhu
贵州常规品种
Conventional cultivar in Guizhou
GG48两恢228-3
Lianghui 228-3
黔高7号×泸糯12号
Qiangao 7×Lunuo 12
GG24粱丰129-1
Liangfeng 129-1
四川常规品种
Conventional cultivar in Sichuan
GG49两恢217-6
Lianghui 217-6
红缨子改良系
Derived from Hongyingzi
GG25两恢215-2
Lianghui 215-2
黔高7号×泸糯8号
Qiangao 7×Lunuo 8
GG50粱丰112-9
Liangfeng 112-9
湖南常规品种
Conventional cultivar in Hunan


新窗口打开

1.2 试验方法

试验于2015年和2016年在贵州省旱粮研究所旱棚内进行田间试验。试验地为黄壤,含有机质27.93 g·kg-1、全氮1.45 g·kg-1、全磷1.01 g·kg-1、全钾14.23 g·kg-1、碱解氮93.1 mg·kg-1、有效磷31.33 mg·kg-1、速效钾656.67 mg·kg-1,pH7.6。试验设正常灌水(CK)和干旱胁迫(T)2个处理,3次重复,各处理供试材料采用随机区组排列,小区面积17.5 m2(3.5 m×5 m),行距70 cm,窝距25 cm,每窝留苗2株,种植5行,分别于2015年4月15日和2016年4月12日播种,人工直播,播种前施总养分≥45%的高效复合肥(含N 14%、P2O5 16%、K2O 15%)225 kg·hm-2作为基肥。干旱胁迫处理分别于播种前和拔节期灌水至田间持水量的80%(16.5%绝对含水量),之后不再灌水,使其充分受旱。对照处理按当地大田生产管理,分别于播种前、拔节期、孕穗期和灌浆期灌水至田间持水量的80%(16.5%绝对含水量),以满足正常生长发育的水分需求。常规管理。

1.3 测定项目与方法

于成熟期收获前3 d,在每个小区选择具代表性的植株10株,参照《高粱种质资源描述规范和数据标准》[22]中的有关方法,分别对株高(plant height,PH)、穗长(spike length,SL)、茎粗(culm diameter,CD)、分蘖数(tiller number,TN)、穗粒数(grain number per spike,GNS)、千粒重(1000-grain weight,TGW)和单株粒重(grain weight per plant,GWP)进行考种。
收获后测定小区产量(yield,Y)。

1.4 数据统计分析

用Microsoft Excel 2013整理数据,用SPSS 19进行统计分析。参照谢小玉等[23]的方法,各指标平均值的差异显著性采用配对处理t检验法进行检测。分别按公式(1)和(2)计算单项抗旱系数(drought resistance coefficient,DC)和综合抗旱系数(comprehensive drought resistance coefficient,CDC)。式中TiCKi分别表示干旱胁迫和正常灌水处理的指标测定值。
(1)
(2)
参照罗俊杰等[24]的方法,针对各指标DC值,进行简单相关分析、连续变数次数分布统计分析和主成分分析。分别按公式(3)、(4)和(5)计算因子权重系数(ωi)、各基因型各综合指标的隶属函数值[μ(xi)]和抗旱性度量值(drought resistance comprehensive evaluation value,D)。式中Ci为第i个综合指标贡献率,表示第i个综合指标在所有指标中的重要性,xiximinximax分别表示第i个综合指标及第i个综合指标的最小值和最大值。
(3)
(4)
(5)
参照兰巨生[25]的方法,以各指标DC值为比较序列,D值为参考序列进行灰色关联度分析,获得各指标DC值与D值间的关联度(γD),分别按公式(6)和(7)计算各指标权重系数[ωi(γ)]和加权抗旱系数(weight drought resistance coefficient,WDC)。式中γi为各指标关联度。
(6)
(7)
参照张彦军等[26]的方法,以各指标DC值为比较序列,WDC值为参考序列进行灰色关联度分析,获得各指标DC值与WDC值间的关联度(γWDC)。最后基于供试酒用糯高粱材料D值,采用加权配对算术平均法(weighted pair group method average,WPGMA)和欧式距离进行聚类分析,划分抗旱等级,并分别以D值、CDC值和WDC值为参考序列,对各指标DC值进行逐步回归分析,获得回归方程。

2 结果

2.1 供试材料的代表性及其指标测定值分析

干旱胁迫对供试材料各指标测定值均有显著影响,处理间和材料间的差异均达显著水平(表2)。材料间变异系数介于0.060—0.580,说明本试验所选酒用糯高粱材料类型丰富,具有较好的代表性,干旱胁迫处理效果好,所选指标对干旱胁迫反应较敏感。此外,供试材料各指标在对照和干旱胁迫处理下的测定值相关系数介于0.474—0.967,这进一步说明各指标对干旱胁迫反应的敏感性存在差异,直接采用各指标测定值很难鉴定供试材料的抗旱性。
Table 2
表2
表2正常灌水和干旱胁迫条件下供试酒用糯高粱材料各指标测定值及其均值差异性分析
Table 2Measured values of all indices in tested liquor-making waxy sorghum materials under normal irrigation and drought stress and its mean variance analysis
编号
Number
株高PH (cm)穗长SL (cm)茎粗CD (mm)分蘖数TN穗粒数GNS千粒重TGW (g)单株粒重GWP (g)产量Y (kg·m-2)
CKTCKTCKTCKTCKTCKTCKTCKT
GG01222.59186.8230.7119.5517.3613.584.664.404210.843728.2723.2220.2469.1855.860.650.51
GG02227.54163.1029.0421.2318.4715.344.803.954096.582560.1821.7818.6362.6637.430.690.49
GG03196.74163.0226.7223.0618.0613.514.133.333914.683418.5824.4117.7171.3443.380.480.24
GG04240.54176.8035.5230.1520.2217.311.180.743828.992454.9425.4222.6269.7843.550.450.33
GG05206.56121.6528.3815.5813.628.092.051.013627.541895.7021.098.5266.9233.710.410.20
GG06238.25186.3632.2929.9815.4111.004.073.234195.803382.5017.6211.9964.4752.000.460.31
GG07198.28164.4529.3326.9514.199.692.291.933684.672366.2519.0710.8369.0241.970.410.23
GG08262.58170.5427.9126.2116.8811.831.901.204164.232270.0318.0315.2772.7965.910.250.19
GG09283.62218.9534.3632.2521.1119.252.171.343911.672325.6623.5819.3255.5740.270.200.15
GG10207.32180.3335.3132.5820.9717.431.210.893825.982814.2424.7019.8962.0241.250.320.19
GG11218.73145.9430.5619.5320.6418.682.041.463705.722639.8519.3610.6960.1349.920.360.30
GG12233.27194.1426.6418.3719.8217.791.621.033777.882988.6328.0225.4274.1452.420.280.19
GG13212.21184.1331.0624.7620.8418.002.331.534322.083645.5820.5113.5263.5850.940.380.26
GG14258.58212.4334.7724.6819.1617.161.491.273880.102952.5519.9317.0462.4752.630.420.30
GG15192.42120.8729.7417.7814.788.882.411.253344.921811.5219.7910.1176.7441.320.460.24
GG16219.93202.5031.2927.8319.5915.772.231.853764.352530.1118.7810.8377.6258.630.340.23
GG17191.87175.1933.6727.4817.9013.081.891.323492.241898.7126.8722.2475.3150.240.740.46
GG18249.60230.6834.2930.3621.0319.931.811.353705.722743.5824.1219.5069.8640.750.730.42
GG19214.82162.7436.1832.6515.6312.581.210.923955.272769.1420.8018.4972.5766.440.420.31
GG20235.66207.2732.0930.0719.7316.291.791.393720.752588.7421.0915.6074.1466.480.470.34
GG21224.07200.6331.9129.7418.6915.361.320.783985.342635.3421.9614.4472.0862.350.470.34
GG22211.94167.6430.4726.3314.228.932.482.064156.723660.6219.6416.3275.0467.380.460.31
GG23191.27163.8929.6521.6718.5114.752.411.774081.552966.0824.7014.1667.8143.380.400.28
GG24221.23185.95228.7620.8520.9619.381.781.534075.543361.4521.5212.7172.6361.030.550.51
GG25224.09159.94837.4232.8918.8917.881.881.054229.033339.3523.4012.4262.3855.190.490.39
GG26208.71177.6436.4132.6217.6715.642.841.823680.162058.0622.5311.9974.2745.760.420.31
GG27223.22219.8737.0933.9715.6910.892.652.023818.472276.0521.2319.5067.0738.030.370.24
编号
Number
株高PH (cm)穗长SL (cm)茎粗CD (mm)分蘖数TN穗粒数GNS千粒重TGW (g)单株粒重GWP (g)产量Y (kg·m-2)
CKTCKTCKTCKTCKTCKTCKTCKT
GG28210.19198.6438.1835.7020.1216.471.561.123501.262803.7221.3114.7365.9742.060.330.17
GG29241.11224.5932.4629.8619.1914.891.551.273555.382898.4321.3811.8460.4938.810.370.19
GG30221.28197.5531.0727.4115.6912.411.441.063971.812610.6920.2212.8661.4340.560.260.18
GG31201.36176.5132.6528.2114.6110.042.031.433734.283334.3918.9212.1372.3848.240.530.35
GG32191.27163.7435.4630.3916.9113.683.242.283967.302612.7918.4615.1168.0550.170.590.31
GG33241.48234.8939.4129.5215.7412.601.951.673838.012802.2125.4215.8972.3053.890.480.26
GG34240.66231.6938.6635.8419.0817.861.951.724146.043708.2726.0022.3969.9557.800.650.52
GG35241.14209.8735.4631.6720.1216.272.482.064040.963556.8925.8621.9675.5667.180.750.63
GG36210.41198.3134.3529.5816.6110.485.304.943680.162827.7720.6616.0373.6464.060.410.36
GG37221.02215.4731.9425.4216.3211.061.591.273797.423023.2019.5016.5564.9358.330.260.14
GG38199.94173.2932.6525.2716.6112.942.412.054141.683356.9418.3411.7054.2737.700.360.28
GG39209.42144.5630.2919.5420.1918.214.303.724081.552866.8620.3713.1471.5765.520.680.43
GG40211.88209.1635.4233.7419.8818.863.072.924117.633941.7425.8224.4775.7571.720.620.60
GG41205.78193.2433.0830.8316.6413.491.401.114031.792342.6419.7613.8474.3846.580.270.20
GG42225.74205.7934.1727.6421.1218.862.602.044141.683844.0224.5616.4773.4845.170.470.32
GG43237.78224.9332.7226.8018.5015.481.531.353795.922896.9224.8414.0175.4856.720.550.48
GG44235.58213.4834.6932.5017.0913.574.743.643986.842501.5525.4213.2972.6648.230.780.71
GG45251.66248.7540.2438.9921.4721.195.235.084401.764213.8428.6027.2154.6253.050.530.51
GG46245.26224.3433.7126.1314.979.913.592.053798.772854.3820.9117.5969.2340.950.520.38
GG47208.86183.6431.4924.7516.1713.024.513.463941.743385.5124.5622.2471.8444.110.690.57
GG48220.63184.0235.5228.9118.6915.875.765.413544.861972.3721.8117.0364.6046.870.640.60
GG49239.11159.7336.9131.8517.6614.354.733.754049.982385.7923.9815.0273.8159.860.560.42
GG50218.64203.4735.0627.9815.6312.444.663.333740.293250.6623.3721.2668.1645.750.470.31
平均值Average222.92189.2633.1427.7517.9814.642.692.103903.282881.4722.2616.3468.9250.830.480.34
变异系数CV0.0900.1500.0980.1850.1230.2250.4810.5800.0600.1990.1250.2660.0860.1930.3060.408
标准误SE3.2620.4310.1920.04764.4130.4381.2350.010
t10.3212.4917.3812.5215.8613.5514.6513.90
P0.00010.00010.00010.00010.00010.00010.00010.0001
相关系数R0.5940.8280.9540.9670.6580.7050.4740.888


新窗口打开

2.2 单项指标分析

与正常灌水处理相比,供试材料在干旱胁迫处理后,各指标均发生不同程度变化(表3)。同一指标各材料的DC值存在明显差异,变异系数介于0.118—0.193,但不同材料间DC值所反映的抗旱性不同,且同一材料各指标的DC值差异较大,说明各指标对干旱胁迫反应的敏感性不同。
Table 3
表3
表3供试酒用糯高粱材料各指标的抗旱系数
Table 3Drought resistance coefficients of all indices in tested liquor-making waxy sorghum materials
编号
Number
株高
PH
穗长
SL
茎粗
CD
分蘖数
TN
穗粒数
GNS
千粒重
TGW
单株粒重
GWP
产量
Y
GG010.8390.6370.7820.9440.8850.8720.8070.790
GG020.7170.7310.8310.8240.6250.8560.5970.709
GG030.8290.8630.7480.8070.8730.7260.6080.492
GG040.7350.8490.8560.6290.6410.8900.6240.732
GG050.5890.5490.5940.4940.5230.4040.5040.489
GG060.7820.9280.7140.7940.8060.6800.8070.674
GG070.8290.9190.6830.8420.6420.5680.6080.573
GG080.6490.9390.7010.6290.5450.8470.9050.737
GG090.7720.9390.9120.6190.5950.8190.7250.763
GG100.8700.9230.8310.7340.7360.8050.6650.602
GG110.6670.6390.9050.7140.7120.5520.8300.834
GG120.8320.6900.8980.6340.7910.9070.7070.678
GG130.8680.7970.8640.6550.8430.6590.8010.689
GG140.8220.7100.8960.8560.7610.8550.8430.705
GG150.6280.5980.6010.5180.5420.5110.5380.511
GG160.9210.8890.8050.8300.6720.5770.7550.671
GG170.9130.8160.7310.6960.5440.8280.6670.625
GG180.9240.8850.9480.7470.7400.8080.5830.577
GG190.7580.9020.8050.7590.7000.8890.9160.722
GG200.8800.9370.8260.7730.6960.7400.8970.736
GG210.8950.9320.8220.5920.6610.6580.8650.726
GG220.7910.8640.6280.8300.8810.8310.8980.668
GG230.8570.7310.7970.7330.7270.5730.6400.705
GG240.8410.7250.9250.8570.8250.5910.8400.926
GG250.7140.8790.9470.5570.7900.5310.8850.792
GG260.8510.8960.8850.6400.5590.5320.6160.737
GG270.9850.9160.6940.7610.5960.9180.5670.643
GG280.9450.9350.8190.7160.8010.6910.6370.515
GG290.9310.9200.7760.8210.8150.5540.6410.520
GG300.8930.8820.7910.7400.6570.6360.6600.691
GG310.8770.8640.6870.7040.8930.6410.6660.657
GG320.8560.8570.8090.7030.6590.8190.7370.520
GG330.9730.7490.8010.8600.7300.6250.7450.537
GG340.9630.9270.9360.8830.8940.8610.8260.805
GG350.8700.8930.8090.8320.8800.8490.8890.838
GG360.9420.8610.6310.9330.7680.7760.8700.880
GG370.9750.7960.6780.7970.7960.8490.8980.541
GG380.8670.7740.7790.8500.8110.6380.6950.767
GG390.6900.6450.9020.8650.7020.6450.9150.629
GG400.9870.9530.9490.9500.9570.9480.9470.960
GG410.9390.9320.8110.7900.5810.7010.6260.733
GG420.9120.8090.8930.7830.9280.6710.6150.671
GG430.9460.8190.8370.8850.7630.5640.7520.876
GG440.9060.9370.7940.7670.6270.5230.6640.918
GG450.9880.9690.9870.9700.9570.9520.9710.971
GG460.9150.7750.6620.5700.7510.8410.5910.732
GG470.8790.7860.8050.7680.8590.9060.6140.826
GG480.8340.8140.8490.9410.5560.7810.7260.925
GG490.6680.8630.8130.7920.5890.6270.8110.745
GG500.9310.7980.7960.7150.8690.9100.6710.662
平均值 Average0.8490.8330.8050.7620.7350.7290.7370.708
变异系数 CV0.1180.1220.1190.1490.1640.1930.1670.179


新窗口打开
相关分析表明(表4),各指标均至少与一个其他指标呈显著或极显著相关,说明各指标间存在一定程度的相关性。其中,产量与分蘖数、穗粒数和单株粒重呈极显著正相关,与穗长、茎粗和千粒重呈显著正相关,与株高呈不显著正相关。
Table 4
表4
表4供试酒用糯高粱材料各指标抗旱系数的相关性
Table 4Correlations of drought resistance coefficients of all indices in tested liquor-making waxy sorghum materials
指标
Indices
株高
PH
穗长
SL
茎粗
CD
分蘖数
TN
穗粒数
GNS
千粒重
TGW
单株粒重
GWP
穗长 SL0.465**
茎粗 CD0.1630.167
分蘖数 TN0.455**0.1710.234
穗粒数 GNS0.442**0.0900.2700.442**
千粒重 TGW0.301*0.2400.1630.2690.304*
单株粒重 GWP0.0210.2040.307*0.402**0.353*0.357**
产量 Y0.1410.314*0.342*0.442**0.476**0.311*0.463**

* and ** are significant correlation at 0.05 and 0.01 probability level, respectively. The same as below*和**分别表示0.05和0.01水平显著相关。下同
新窗口打开
Table 5
表5
表5供试酒用糯高粱材料各指标抗旱系数在不同区间的分布
Table 5Different distributions of drought resistance coefficients of all indices in tested liquor-making waxy sorghum materials
指标
Indices
0.4<DC<0.50.5<DC<0.60.6<DC<0.70.7<DC<0.80.8<DC<0.90.9<DC<1
次数
Times
频率
Freq. (%)
次数
Times
频率
Freq. (%)
次数
Times
频率
Freq. (%)
次数
Times
频率
Freq. (%)
次数
Times
频率
Freq. (%)
次数
Times
频率
Freq. (%)
株高 PH001251071419381836
穗长 SL002448112217341632
茎粗 CD001281611222142918
分蘖数 TN124871419381428510
穗粒数 GNS0010209181428142836
千粒重 TGW12112211225101632612
单株粒重 GWP0061217347141530510
产量 Y2481613261632612510

Freq.:频率 Frequency
新窗口打开
此外,同一区间各指标DC值的分布次数和频率差异较大(表5)。DC>0.8的株高、穗长、茎粗、分蘖数、穗粒数、千粒重、单株粒重和产量的分布频率分别为74%、66%、60%、38%、34%、44%、40%和22%,说明各指标对干旱胁迫反应的敏感程度依次为产量、穗粒数、分蘖数、单株粒重、千粒重、茎粗、穗长和株高。因此,直接采用这些指标会由于指标间信息的叠加,很难准确、客观地评价各材料的抗旱性,从而影响抗旱性鉴定结果。

2.3 主成分分析

各因子特征值中前5个因子的累计贡献率达84.26%,其特征根>0.717(表6)。因此,提取前5个因子,将具有同等效果的指标归为一类,可将原来各单项指标转换成5个新的相互独立的综合指标(分别用F1、F2、F3、F4和F5表示)。F1在单株粒重上有较高载荷量,F2在株高和产量上有较高载荷量,F3在穗长和穗粒数上有较高载荷量,F4在千粒重上有较高载荷量,F5在茎粗和分蘖数上有较高载荷量。
Table 6
表6
表6供试酒用糯高粱材料各指标主成分的特征向量及贡献率
Table 6Eigenvectors and contribution rates of principal components of all indices in tested liquor-making waxy sorghum materials
指标
Indices
因子载荷 Factor loading
F1F2F3F4F5
株高 PH0.3520.582-0.009-0.3020.045
穗长 SL0.2750.3800.6950.059-0.207
茎粗 CD0.320-0.3330.257-0.4040.644
分蘖数 TN0.4220.026-0.313-0.164-0.430
穗粒数 GNS0.3830.108-0.547-0.1120.194
千粒重 TGW0.3170.183-0.0390.7570.430
单株粒重 GNP0.468-0.418-0.0010.346-0.336
产量 Y0.370-0.4310.229-0.096-0.149
特征根 Characteristic root2.9781.2870.9540.8040.717
贡献率Contribution rate (%)37.2216.0911.9210.068.97
累计贡献率Cumulative contribution rate (%)37.2253.3165.2375.2984.26
因子权重 Factor weight0.4420.1910.1420.1190.106


新窗口打开

2.4 供试材料的综合抗旱性评价

供试材料的CDC值和WDC值分别介于0.518—0.971和0.517—0.971,平均值分别为0.770和0.768,变异系数分别为0.092和0.093,根据CDC值和WDC值的大小对供试材料进行抗旱性排序,其结果基本相同(表7)。其中,抗旱性强的材料有粱丰141-3和粱丰247-3,抗旱性弱的材料有品鉴11-21和两恢206-1,其余材料介于两者之间。
Table 7
表7
表7供试酒用糯高粱材料抗旱性评价的CDC值、WDC值及D值
Table 7CDC value, WDC value, and D value of drought resistance evaluation in tested liquor-making waxy sorghum materials
编号
Number
隶属函数 Subordinate function valueCDC值
CDC value
排序
Rank
D值
D value
排序
Rank
WDC值
WDC value
排序
Rank
μ1μ2μ3μ4μ5
GG010.6710.4100.0000.5110.4980.82060.60670.8226
GG020.4740.4430.4690.5140.6790.736420.494370.73542
GG030.5000.8370.3000.3660.5570.743400.526280.74237
GG040.4750.4970.7670.6140.8370.744370.576150.74138
GG050.0000.3930.3020.3530.4490.518500.208500.51750
GG060.5600.5970.5260.5040.2570.773190.523300.77219
GG070.4290.7930.5940.2600.1850.708480.476420.70748
GG080.4630.3640.9101.0000.3180.744380.556200.74039
GG090.5300.4551.0000.5270.7530.768240.489380.76327
GG100.5500.7590.6550.4370.6590.771220.60390.76723
GG110.4800.0000.4250.2230.5720.732430.360480.73243
GG120.5360.4760.3800.5321.0000.767250.551220.76425
GG130.5630.4940.4730.2780.6660.772210.514320.77021
GG140.6370.3730.3180.4940.6580.806100.526270.80411
GG150.0770.4570.3470.4690.4710.556490.276490.55449
GG160.5600.6480.6350.1560.2960.765270.511330.76326
GG170.4500.7520.6570.5750.5270.728450.560190.72445
GG180.5700.7840.6450.2220.9060.777180.61650.77220
GG190.6160.4310.6740.7960.4650.80690.594100.80313
GG200.6420.5360.7460.4790.3720.81080.588110.8078
GG210.5450.5450.8800.4170.4770.769230.570180.76424
GG220.6090.6140.2730.8040.2020.799140.542240.79914
GG230.4590.5330.4150.1210.5200.720460.433460.72046
GG240.6780.1970.3970.0540.4770.81670.451450.8187
GG250.5350.1780.8060.2340.6520.762290.482410.75829
GG260.4380.5360.9490.0530.5750.715470.498360.71147
GG270.5191.0000.6940.5860.5070.760300.64240.75730
GG280.5310.9070.5830.2380.6360.757310.587120.75331
GG290.5240.8780.4700.0750.3930.747350.516310.74535
GG300.5020.6760.6910.2320.4450.744390.524290.74236
GG310.5100.7680.3780.3240.4200.749340.509340.74833
GG320.4900.7100.6060.5690.6420.745360.574160.74040
GG330.5390.7220.2930.1600.4260.753320.482400.75132
GG340.8170.6130.5520.3200.6320.88730.66230.8853
GG350.7430.5070.4870.5530.4360.85840.60660.8584
GG360.6970.6270.4050.5530.0000.83350.551230.8355
GG370.6000.7970.2510.6890.3540.791160.573170.78916
GG380.5750.5450.3360.1880.3970.773200.470430.77418
GG390.5230.1320.2630.3750.4980.749330.391470.74834
GG400.9670.5110.5510.4210.5490.95620.71220.9562
GG410.5450.7450.8330.2390.4360.764280.576140.76228
GG420.6030.6760.3380.0490.7540.785170.530250.78417
GG430.6560.4950.5090.0000.3010.805120.489390.8079
GG440.5600.5510.8840.0400.2480.767260.509350.76722
GG451.0000.4790.5890.3970.5680.97110.72410.9711
GG460.4480.7810.4690.5820.6510.730440.552210.72844
GG470.6250.6300.3780.4540.7400.805110.583130.80610
GG480.6330.3730.6880.3480.3520.803130.527260.80412
GG490.4840.2770.7380.4470.3030.738410.457440.73741
GG500.5990.7650.3460.5170.7810.794150.60480.79215
平均值 Average0.7700.5300.768
变异系数 CV0.0920.1730.093

μ1, μ2, μ3, μ4, and μ5 are subordinate function values of five factors, respectivelyμ1μ2μ3μ4μ5分别表示5个因子的隶属函数值
新窗口打开
此外,供试材料的D值介于0.208—0.724,平均值为0.530,变异系数为0.173,根据D值的大小对供试材料的抗旱性进行排序,得到抗旱性强的材料有粱丰141-3和粱丰247-3,抗旱性弱的材料有品鉴11-21和两恢206-1,其余材料介于两者之间(表7),这与基于CDC值和WDC值的供试材料的抗旱性鉴定结果基本一致。

2.5 灰色关联度分析

各指标DC值与D值间的关联度大小依次为产量、分蘖数、穗粒数、单株粒重、千粒重、穗长、茎粗和株高(表8),反映了各指标DC值与D值的密切程度,这与各指标对干旱胁迫反应的敏感性基本吻合。此外,各指标DC值与WDC值间的关联度大小依次为分蘖数、产量、单株粒重、穗粒数、千粒重、茎粗、穗长和株高(表8),这与各指标DC值与D值的密切程度基本吻合。
Table 8
表8
表8供试酒用糯高粱材料各指标DC值与D值和WDC值的关联度及各指标权重
Table 8Correlation degree between DC value of all indices and D value together with WDC value and indices weight in tested liquor-making waxy sorghum materials
指标
Indices
关联度
γD
排序 Rank权重系数 Weight关联度 γWDC排序 Rank
株高 PH0.67680.1220.6358
穗长 SL0.65660.1190.6567
茎粗 CD0.63470.1150.6696
分蘖数 TN0.74520.1350.7191
穗粒数 GNS0.72630.1310.6934
千粒重 TGW0.67150.1210.6865
单株粒重 GWP0.67640.1220.6993
产量 Y0.74610.1350.7002


新窗口打开

2.6 聚类分析及抗旱级别的划分

λ=5处将50份供试材料分为5类(图1)。其中第Ⅰ类为高度抗旱型材料,有粱丰141-3和粱丰247-3共2份,占总数的4%;第Ⅱ类为抗旱型材料,共16份,占总数的32%;第Ⅲ类为中等抗旱型材料,共28份,占总数的56%;第Ⅳ类为敏感型材料,共2份,占总数的4%;第Ⅴ类为高度敏感型材料,有品鉴11-21和两恢206-1共2份,占总数的4%。
显示原图|下载原图ZIP|生成PPT
图1基于D值的供试酒用糯高粱材料抗旱性系统聚类图
-->Fig. 1Fuzzy clustering dendrogram of drought resistance in tested liquor-making waxy sorghum materials based on D value
-->

根据供试材料的抗旱性聚类分析及抗旱级别划分结果,对供试材料抗旱性评价指标进行分级统计,结果表明(表9),除茎粗和分蘖数外,其余指标的隶属函数值、CDC值、D值和WDC值均随抗旱级别的升高而增大。此外,CDC值、D值和WDC值在不同抗旱级别上的差异较大,可为其他酒用糯高粱材料抗旱级别的划分提供依据。
Table 9
表9
表9供试酒用糯高粱材料抗旱性评价指标的分级
Table 9Classification of drought resistance evaluation indices in tested liquor-making waxy sorghum materials
指标
Indices
隶属函数 Subordinate function value
株高 PH0.9980.7540.6400.2250.049
穗长 SL0.9800.7620.6810.2210.058
茎粗 CD0.9520.5600.5130.7880.009
分蘖数 TN0.9790.5560.5710.6200.025
穗粒数 GNS1.0000.5220.4710.4250.022
千粒重 TGW0.9960.7650.5180.3560.098
单株粒重 GWP0.9740.7890.5030.4760.037
产量 Y0.9880.5040.4730.4080.023
CDC值
CDC value
0.9640.7910.7620.7410.537
D值 D value0.7180.5970.5090.3750.242
WDC值
WDC value
0.9630.7890.7610.7400.536

Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ, and Ⅴ represent different drought resistance levelsⅠ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ表示不同抗旱级别
新窗口打开

2.7 抗旱指标的筛选

分别以D值、CDC值和WDC值为参考序列,对供试材料各指标DC值进行逐步回归分析,得到的3个回归方程的决定系数R2≈1,F检验均达极显著水平(表10),说明回归方程最优,模型拟合度好,预测精度高,用这3个回归方程进行酒用糯高粱材料成株期抗旱性评价的效果好。根据D值与各指标DC值的回归方程可知,在酒用糯高粱资源成株期抗旱性评价中,有针对性地测定与D值密切相关的指标,如分蘖数、穗粒数和单株粒重,可有效鉴定酒用糯高粱资源的抗旱性,从而使鉴定工作简化。此外,相关分析还表明,供试材料产量、D值、CDC值和WDC值两两之间均呈极显著正相关。
Table 1
表1
表10 供试酒用糯高粱材料抗旱性模型预测
Table 10 Model predict of drought resistance in tested liquor-making waxy sorghum materials
因变量
Dependent variable
多元逐步回归方程
Multiple stepwise regression equation
决定系数
R2
F
F value
统计量
Statistic
P值
P value
相关系数 R
CDC值
CDC value
WDC值
WDC value
产量
Y
D值D valuey=-0.30+0.24x4+0.43x5+0.37x70.998572.54**1.590.00010.825**0.809**0.839**
CDC值CDC valuey=0.09+0.17x4+0.20x5+0.14x6+0.19x70.997145.96**1.540.00010.998**0.801**
WDC值WDC valuey=0.09+0.18x4+0.20x5+0.14x6+0.20x70.996163.97**1.550.00010.797**

x4:分蘖数;x5:穗粒数;x6:千粒重;x7:单株粒重 x4: Tiller number; x5: Grain number per spike; x6: 1000-grain weight; x7: Grain weight per plant
新窗口打开

3 讨论

3.1 酒用糯高粱资源成株期抗旱性评价方法的选择

评价作物的抗旱性不仅需要选择合适的评价指标,而且要有适宜的评价方法。目前,多方法多指标相结合的手段在作物抗旱性评价工作中被普遍采用[27-31]。在作物抗旱性评价工作中,大多数采用等权重的方法,却未考虑到各指标对干旱胁迫反应的敏感程度。本研究采用D值、CDC值和WDC值等综合评价指标,结合单项指标抗旱系数、相关分析、频次分析、主成分分析、灰色关联度分析、隶属函数分析、聚类分析及逐步回归分析,对酒用糯高粱资源的抗旱性进行综合评价,消除因各指标单位不同带来的影响,同时结合指标变异系数来确定各指标在抗旱性评价工作中的重要程度,对与抗旱性密切相关的指标赋予较高的权重。本研究中以D值、CDC值和WDC值的大小对供试材料进行抗旱性排序,其结果基本相同,相关分析表明,供试材料产量、D值、CDC值和WDC值两两之间均呈极显著正相关,但基于D值的供试材料抗旱性系统聚类分析结果与各材料田间实际抗旱表现更接近,且产量与D值相关最密切。因此,以D值为评价指标的评价方法,既考虑了各指标的重要性,又考虑到各指标间的相互关系,评价结果客观、可靠。

3.2 酒用糯高粱资源成株期抗旱性的鉴定

作物抗旱性鉴定的最终落脚点是要划分供试材料的抗旱等级,以此来评价其抗旱能力[32]。目前,关于酒用糯高粱资源成株期抗旱性鉴定的研究还未见报道。在本研究中,采用D值、CDC值和WDC值对供试酒用糯高粱材料进行抗旱性排序,其抗旱性强的材料有粱丰141-3和粱丰247-3,抗旱性弱的材料有品鉴11-21和两恢206-1,结果基本一致。此外,针对D值,在λ=5处将50份供试酒用糯高粱材料分为5类。其中第Ⅰ类为高度抗旱型材料,有粱丰141-3和粱丰247-3共2份,占总数的4%;第Ⅱ类为抗旱型材料,共16份,占总数的32%;第Ⅲ类为中等抗旱型材料,共28份,占总数的56%;第Ⅳ类为敏感型材料,共2份,占总数的4%;第Ⅴ类为高度敏感型材料,有品鉴11-21和两恢206-1共2份,占总数的4%。因此,本研究筛选出成株期抗旱性强的酒用糯高粱材料粱丰141-3和粱丰247-3,可为酒用糯高粱抗旱育种、抗旱机理及干旱调控缓解机制的研究提供基础材料。

3.3 酒用糯高粱资源成株期抗旱指标的筛选

作物的抗旱性是复杂的数量性状,是多种机制、众多因素共同作用的结果,最终通过不同指标的一系列反应在不同生育时期表现出来[29]。因此,选择合理的指标是作物抗旱性鉴定的关键。目前,国内外****在作物抗旱性鉴定方面开展了大量研究工作,并针对不同的作物筛选出了不同的抗旱指标[14-16]。然而,在酒用糯高粱方面的研究还未见报道。本研究选取与酒用糯高粱资源成株期抗旱性相关的8个关键指标,将其结合起来,从不同层面进行分析。其结果显示各指标受干旱胁迫影响的程度有所不同,且各指标间存在一定程度的相关性。因此,直接利用这些指标很难客观、准确地评价各品种的抗旱性,从而影响抗旱鉴定结果。通过主成分分析,将原来8个单项指标转换成5个新的相互独立的综合指标,使评价工作简化。通过灰色关联度分析,得到各指标与D值的密切程度依次为产量、分蘖数、穗粒数、单株粒重、千粒重、穗长、茎粗和株高,这与各指标对干旱胁迫反应的敏感性及各指标与WDC值的密切程度基本吻合,从而增加了评价工作的准确性和全面性。通过逐步回归分析,得到与D值密切相关的指标有分蘖数、穗粒数和单株粒重,且产量与分蘖数、穗粒数和单株粒重呈极显著正相关。因此,在酒用糯高粱资源成株期抗旱性鉴定中,有针对性地测定与D值相关密切的指标,如分蘖数、穗粒数和单株粒重,可有效鉴定酒用糯高粱资源的抗旱性,从而使鉴定工作简化。

4 结论

干旱胁迫对酒用糯高粱资源成株期各指标均有极
显著影响。确定了D值为适宜的抗旱性鉴定方法。筛选出成株期抗旱性强的酒用糯高粱材料粱丰141-3和粱丰247-3。分蘖数、穗粒数和单株粒重可作为酒用糯高粱资源成株期简单、直观的抗旱性评价指标。
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

参考文献 原文顺序
文献年度倒序
文中引用次数倒序
被引期刊影响因子

相关话题/指标 材料 鉴定 资源 作物