Effects of Cinnamaldehyde on Growth Performance,Health Status, Rumen Fermentation and Microflora of Dairy Calves
YANG YunYan,1, WANG QiYan1, PENG DiWei3, PAN YiFan3, GAO XiaoMei1, XUAN ZeYi2, CHEN ShaoMei2, ZOU CaiXia1, CAO YanHong,2, LIN Bo,11College of Animal Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004 2Institute of Animal Husbandry of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Livestock Genetic Improvement 3Hunan PuFeiKe Biological Technology Co.Ltd, Changsha 410011
Abstract 【Objective】this study was conducted to research effects of addition of cinnamaldehyde in calf starter on growth performance, health status, rumen fermentation and microflora of calves, so as to provide theoretical basis for applying cinnamaldehyde in calf cultivation. 【Method】Twenty-four healthy Holstein male calves at the age of around 15 days, with similar body weight, were selected, and were divided into control group and experiment group, with three replicates in each group and four calve in each replicate. The control group were fed basic starter, while starter of experimental group was added with 0.3% encapsulated cinnamaldehyde which contained 15% effective cinnamaldehyde. The weaning period contained 6 pre-trail period, and 27 days of formal trail period, both groups were fed same amount of milk, the starter and orts grass were given at libtium, and the ruminal fluid was taken by stomach tube at the end of weaning period. After weaned, the animals were kept for another 51 days with same feeding management mode, the ruminal fluid was taken at the end of the experiment. The feed intake, growth performance, body measurement, fence score and ruminal volatile fatty acids concentrations were measured during the two phase of the experiment, and the ruminal bacterial community composition was measured based on 16SrDNA gene high through put sequencing. 【Result】The results showed that: (1) In terms of feed intake and growth performance, there were no difference in average daily gain, dry matter intake and feed efficiency between experiment and control group at pre-weaning, post-weaning stage and whole experiment period (P>0.05), there were no differences in body measurements parameters between experiment and control group as well (P>0.05); 2) In terms of calf health status, the diarrhea rate of the experimental group was lower than that of the control group, but was not significant (P>0.05). 3) For the rumen fermentation parameters, the concentration of volatile fatty acids of rumen fluid in the experimental group on weaning day was tend to lower than that in the control group (P>0.05). At the end of the experiment, the concentration of volatile fatty acids, including acetate, propionate, butyrate and valerate of experimental group was significantly higher, while acetate/propionate ratio lower than that of control group (P<0.01); 4) At the end of experiment, cinnamaldehyde supplementation increased ruminal bacteria Shannon diversity index, decreased Simpson diversity index; addition of cinnamaldehyde increased abundance of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria at phylum and prevotella at genus level (P<0.01). 【Conclusion】The results showed that addition of 0.3% encapsulated cinnamaldehyde which contained 15% effective cinnamaldehyde had no influence on growth performance, but decreased diarrhea rate, increased ruminal volatile fatty acids concentration and decreased acetate/propionate ratio, increased ruminal bacterial community diversity, and abundance of Firmicutes and Prevotella, indicated addition of high amount of cinnamaldehyde had no adverse effects on calf growth performance, but changed ruminal bacterial community composition and ruminal fermentation mode. Keywords:cinnamaldehyde;growth performance;diarrhea;rumen fermentation;dairy calves
PDF (467KB)元数据多维度评价相关文章导出EndNote|Ris|Bibtex收藏本文 本文引用格式 杨云燕, 王其炎, 彭地纬, 潘一帆, 高晓梅, 宣泽义, 陈少梅, 邹彩霞, 曹艳红, 林波. 日粮添加肉桂醛对奶牛公犊生长、健康及瘤胃发酵性能的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2021, 54(10): 2229-2238 doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.10.018 YANG YunYan, WANG QiYan, PENG DiWei, PAN YiFan, GAO XiaoMei, XUAN ZeYi, CHEN ShaoMei, ZOU CaiXia, CAO YanHong, LIN Bo. Effects of Cinnamaldehyde on Growth Performance,Health Status, Rumen Fermentation and Microflora of Dairy Calves[J]. Scientia Acricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(10): 2229-2238 doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.10.018
Table 1 表1 表1开食料基础饲粮组成及营养水平(%,风干基础) Table 1Composition and nutrition level of base diets for starters feed (%,air dry basis)
项目Items
含量Content
营养水平Nutritional ingredients
含量Content
玉米Corn
54.40
干物质DM
90.00
豆粕Soybean meal
22.00
粗蛋白质CP
18.42
膨化大豆Expanded soybean
5.00
粗脂肪EE
3.54
米糠粕Rice bran meal
6.00
粗灰分Ash
10.00
玉米胚芽粕Corn germ meal
4.00
钙Ca
1.09
磷酸氢钙 CaHPO4
2.50
磷P
0.87
氯化钠NaCl
0.50
乳清粉Whey powder
2.50
红糖Brown sugar
2.50
预混料Premix
0.60
合计Total
100.00
每公斤预混料含:19 g MgSO4·H2O; 2.5 g FeSO4·7H2O; 0.8 g CuSO4·5H2O; 3 g MnSO4·H2O; 5 g ZnSO4·H2O; 10 mg Na2SeO3; 40 mg KI; 30 mg CoCl2·6H2O;VA 250 000 IU,VD3 30 000 IU,VE 800 IU Each kg of the premix contained 19 g MgSO4·H2O; 2.5 g FeSO4·7H2O; 0.8 g CuSO4·5H2O; 3 g MnSO4·H2O; 5 g ZnSO4·H2O; 10 mg Na2SeO3; 40 mg KI; 30 mg CoCl2·6H2O;VA 250 000 IU,VD3 30 000 IU,VE 800 IU
Table 2 表2 表2肉桂醛对奶公犊日增重、干物质采食量和饲料转化比的影响 Table 2Effects of cinnamaldehyde on daily gain, dry matter intake and feed efficiency of dairy calves
项目Items
试验组Treatment group
对照组Control group
SEM
P
哺乳期Weaning period
初重IBW (kg)
49.85
51.96
3.17
0.513
日增重ADG (kg·d-1)
0.39
0.46
0.07
0.315
开食料干物质采食量DMIS (kg·d-1)
0.55
0.57
0.08
0.857
燕麦草干物质采食量DMIOG (kg·d-1)
0.12
0.12
0.01
0.116
还原奶干物质采食量DMIMR (kg·d-1)
0.39
0.39
0.00
1.000
饲料转化比(Feed/Gain)
3.02
2.57
0.19
0.243
断奶后Post weaning
初重IBW (kg)
64.92
69.08
4.42
0.367
日增重ADG (kg·d-1)
0.95
1.01
0.09
0.532
开食料干物质采食量DMIS (kg·d-1)
2.31
2.18
0.35
0.519
燕麦草干物质采食量DMIOG (kg·d-1)
0.23
0.24
0.04
0.574
饲料转化比(Feed/Gain)
2.67
2.40
0.14
0.062
试验全期Whole experiment period
末重FBW (kg)
104.0
110.5
7.52
0.401
日增重ADG (kg·d-1)
0.69
0.75
0.08
0.417
开食料干物质采食量DMIS (kg·d-1)
1.52
1.42
0.13
0.523
燕麦草干物质采食量DMIOG (kg·d-1)
0.18
0.18
0.00
0.055
还原奶干物质采食量DMIMR (kg·d-1)
0.18
0.18
0.00
1.000
饲料转化比(Feed/Gain)
2.72
2.37
0.29
0.083
IBW:Initial body weight; FBW: Final body weight; ADG:Average daily gain; DMIOG:Dry matter intake of oats grass; DMIS: Dry matter intake of starter; DMIMR: Dry matter intake of milk replacer
Table 6 表6 表6肉桂醛对奶公犊瘤胃细菌门水平和属水平主要菌群组成的影响 Table 6Effect of Cinnamaldehyde on rumen bacteria community at both Phylum and genus levels of dairy calves (%)
项目Items
试验组Treatment group
对照组Control group
SEM
P
多样性指数Diversity indices
香农指数Shannon index
5.72a
4.56
0.46
<0.001
辛普森指数Simpson index
0.93a
0.87
0.03
<0.001
chao1 index
731.1b
781.4a
15.32
0.004
门水平Phylum level
拟杆菌门Bacteroidetes
29.38b
48.21a
7.51
0.037
厚壁菌门Firmicutes
46.60
37.09
5.43
0.118
放线菌门Actinobacteria
20.15
7.30
9.41
0.209
变形杆菌门Proteobacteria
2.59
6.24
3.52
0.330
蓝藻菌门Cyanobacteria
0.29a
0.05b
0.09
0.027
属水平Genus level
普雷沃氏菌属Prevotella
48.95
41.60
6.82
0.309
琥珀酸菌属Succiniclasticum
9.08
8.69
2.29
0.871
欧氏菌属Olsenella
7.80
11.31
6.58
0.627
毛螺旋菌属LachnosPiraceae
6.55
7.05
2.43
0.842
醋酸弧菌属Acetivibrio
3.24
4.09
0.81
0.323
假丁酸菌属Oribacterium
2.03
2.72
0.91
0.468
双歧杆菌属Bifidobacterium
1.83
1.11
1.17
0.555
不同字母间表示在P<0.05 水平差异显著。下同 There are significant differences at P<0.05 between different letters. The same as below
挥发性脂肪酸是瘤胃微生物的发酵终产物,本研究中瘤胃挥发性脂肪酸浓度和组成的变化表明添加肉桂醛影响了瘤胃微生物区系组成,特别是肉桂醛组提高了瘤胃菌群的香农指数,降低了辛普森指数表明肉桂醛提高了瘤胃菌群的多样性,有研究表明消化道微生态的多样性是维持消化道健康的基础,因此肉桂醛可能对瘤胃微生态区系起到了良好的调控作用。本研究结果表明,开食料添加肉桂醛,在门水平上降低了拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)丰度,提高了厚壁菌门(Firmicutes),特别是放线菌门(Actinobacteria,20.15% vs 7.3%)的丰度,但仅在属水平上有提高普雷沃氏菌属(Prevotella)菌群的趋势。放线菌(Actinobacteria)是一类革兰氏阳性细菌,该菌群在肉桂醛添加组丰度的提高与瘤胃丙酸浓度的升高趋势一致,表明该菌群可能与肉桂醛组的丙酸生成高度相关。肉桂醛组Firmicutes和Prevotella丰度的增加可能与肉桂醛组挥发性脂肪酸浓度增加有关,较多研究表明消化道内高丰度的Firmicutes有利于碳水化合物的高效消化分解[30];此外,普雷沃氏菌属是瘤胃内的多功能菌群,在淀粉、蛋白和纤维降解中均发挥了重要作用[31],因此该两类菌群丰度的增加可能对维持肉桂醛组瘤胃内高浓度挥发性脂肪酸具有重要意义。
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