Effects of Different Irrigation and Nitrogen Application Regimes on the Yield, Nitrogen Utilization of Rice and Nitrogen Transformation in Paddy Soil
CAO XiaoChuang1, WU LongLong1, ZHU ChunQuan1, ZHU LianFeng1, KONG YaLi1, LU RuoHui2, KONG HaiMin2, HU ZhaoPing3, DAI Feng4, ZHANG JunHua,1, JIN QianYu11China National Rice Research Institute/State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Hangzhou 310006 2Zhejiang Cultivated Land Quality and Fertilizer Administration Station, Hangzhou 310020 3Kingenta Ecological Engineering Group Co., Ltd./State Key Laboratory of Nutrition Resources Integrated Utilization, Linyi 276700, Shandong 1Shaoxing Wotu Agricultural Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Shaoxing 312000, Zhejiang
Abstract 【Objective】 In order to provide a theoretical basis for rational management of irrigation and nitrogen (N), the effects of the different water and nitrogen application models on the nitrogen absorption and translocation, and nitrogen use efficiency of indica hybrid rice, nitrogen transformation characteristic in paddy soil and their relationships with rice yield were studied. 【Method】 Using the indica hybrid rice Zhongzheyou 1 as experimental material, a two-factor experiment was conducted in 2018 and 2019, including two irrigation regimes (flood irrigation, FI; alternate wet and dry irrigation, AWD) and five nitrogen application types (zero nitrogen, N0; traditional nitrogen level, PUN100; 80% of traditional nitrogen level, PUN80; 80% of control-released nitrogen fertilizer plus biochar, CRFN80-BC; 80% of stable compound nitrogen fertilizer plus biochar, SFN80-BC). The grain yield, nitrogen absorption and utilization of rice, and nitrogen transformation characteristic in paddy soil were measured.【Result】(1) AWD significantly increased the rice yield in relative to that under FI conditions, and rice yields under CRFN80-BC and SFN80-BC treatments were significantly higher than that under PUN80 and even PUN100 treatments (P<0.05). Their values were 9 721 kg·hm-2 and 10 056 kg·hm-2 in 2018, and 9 492 kg·hm-2 and 9 907 kg·hm-2 in 2019, respectively, which was closely related to the increased rice spikelet or tillering number under the AWD condition. (2) Compared with N0, PUN100 and PUN80 treatments, AWD significantly improved the nitrogen accumulation of leaf and stem-sheath before the heading stage, nitrogen translocation and the contribution of nitrogen translocation to panicle from the heading to maturity stage under CRFN80-BC and SFN80-BC treatments. It also significantly increased the contents of the dissolved total nitrogen (DTN) and NO3- in 0-30 cm soil depths at the maturity stage, but greatly suppressed the concentrations of DTN, NH4+ and NO3- in soil leachate. (3) Rice grain yield was significantly and positively correlated with the nitrogen accumulation of nutritional organs (e.g. leaf and stem-sheath), nitrogen translocation and their nitrogen contribution to panicle, and nitrogen use efficiency and soil nitrogen availability at the maturity stage. It indicated that the suitable water and nitrogen management could collaboratively improve the fluency of the nitrogen absorption-translocation in rice and nitrogen availability in paddy soil, which were beneficial for the improvement of rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency.【Conclusion】 Given the results of grain yield, nitrogen utilization and nitrogen availability in rice paddy of the two years, it could be concluded that control-released/stable compound fertilizers combined with biochar could significantly increase the construction of high-yield rice population, rice nitrogen absorption and translocation, and nitrogen use efficiency under AWD irrigation condition, and also reduce the nitrogen leaching loss in paddy soil. Keywords：alternate wet and dry irrigation;control-released/stable compound fertilizers;nitrogen absorption and utilization;nitrogen transformation;yield;rice
PDF (1841KB)元数据多维度评价相关文章导出EndNote|Ris|Bibtex收藏本文 本文引用格式 曹小闯, 吴龙龙, 朱春权, 朱练峰, 孔亚丽, 陆若辉, 孔海民, 胡兆平, 戴锋, 张均华, 金千瑜. 不同灌溉和施肥模式对水稻产量、氮利用和稻田氮转化特征的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2021, 54(7): 1482-1498 doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.07.013 CAO XiaoChuang, WU LongLong, ZHU ChunQuan, ZHU LianFeng, KONG YaLi, LU RuoHui, KONG HaiMin, HU ZhaoPing, DAI Feng, ZHANG JunHua, JIN QianYu. Effects of Different Irrigation and Nitrogen Application Regimes on the Yield, Nitrogen Utilization of Rice and Nitrogen Transformation in Paddy Soil[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(7): 1482-1498 doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.07.013
Table 1 表1 表1不同处理水稻产量和产量构成因子 Table 1Grain yield and its yield components of rice in different treatments
年份 Y
处理 Treatment
有效穗 Effective panicle (×104 hm-2)
千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)
穗粒数 Spikelet
结实率 Grain filling rate (%)
产量 Yield (kg·hm-2)
氮肥类型 N
灌溉模式 W
2018
N0
FI
15.9±0.1f
24.7±0.1a
139.1±1.1f
80.9±0.3b
6851±148h
AWD
14.3±0.1g
24.4±0.1bc
154.3±2.9e
85.2±0.2a
7440±84g
PUN100
FI
21.4±0.3b
24.3±0.1c
155.4±1.8e
73.3±0.3d
8385±138e
AWD
21.9±0.1ab
23.9±0.1e
164.3±3.9cd
77.2±0.2c
9105±216c
PUN80
FI
18.0±0.1e
24.5±0.1bc
165.9±4.9cd
74.1±0.2d
7806±87f
AWD
19.1±0.1d
24.6±0.1ab
171.7±4.3abc
77.0±0.4c
8301±138e
CRFN80-BC
FI
20.6±0.1c
24.5±0.1bc
168.2±2.7bcd
70.6±0.3e
8690±260de
AWD
22.2±0.2a
24.1±0.1d
174.7±1.1ab
76.6±0.4c
9721±200b
SFN80-BC
FI
21.5±0.1b
24.7±0.1a
167.8±3.7bcd
70.8±0.4e
8810±109cd
AWD
22.2±0.2a
24.3±0.1c
176.6±1.2a
76.6±0.4c
10056±115a
F值 F value
W
17.8**
31.1**
39.9**
571.7**
82.9**
N
637.3**
11.5**
45.3**
331.3**
77.9**
W×N
28.5**
4.0*
1.3ns
9.6**
4.0*
2019
N0
FI
15.3±0.1f
24.4±0.1a
130.0±1.8d
87.0±0.5b
6554±151h
AWD
13.8±0.2g
24.2±0.1bc
147.6±1.3c
91.6±0.4a
7119±98g
PUN100
FI
20.6±0.3b
24.1±0.2bcd
146.6±1.6c
78.9±0.7d
8061±226e
AWD
20.8±0.1ab
23.6±0.1de
155.7±2.7b
83.0±0.4c
8927±188c
PUN80
FI
17.3±0.1e
24.3±0.1ab
155.8±2.2b
79.7±0.5d
7684±76g
AWD
18.3±0.1d
24.4±0.1a
163.5±2.5a
82.8±0.3c
8136±227e
CRFN80-BC
FI
19.8±0.2c
24.3±0.1ab
157.2±1.2b
76.0±0.6e
8475±188d
AWD
21.3±0.1a
23.9±0.1cd
163.3±1.8a
82.4±0.8c
9492±151b
SFN80-BC
FI
20.8±0.1ab
24.5±0.1a
156.9±1.2b
76.2±0.8e
8739±76cd
AWD
21.3±0.1a
24.1±0.1bcd
165.0±2.0a
82.4±0.7c
9907±188a
F值 F value
W
11.0**
33.0**
202.0**
574.7**
186.0**
N
560.7**
12.9**
153.3**
336.1**
216.0**
W×N
23.8**
3.8*
8.8**
9.5**
5.1**
F值 F value
Y
1.2ns
10.5**
11.9**
21.8**
0.7ns
W×Y
0.4ns
0.04ns
0.2ns
1.2ns
0.04ns
N×Y
0.8ns
0.04ns
0.7ns
0.8ns
0.47ns
W×N×Y
0.2ns
0.08ns
0.1ns
0.02ns
0.14ns
N0,空白对照;PUN100,常规施氮;PUN80,减氮20%;CRFN80-BC,缓控释肥减氮20%+生物炭;SFN80-BC,稳定性复合肥减氮20%+生物炭。FI,常规淹灌;AWD,干湿交替灌溉。表中不同处理数据后不同字母表示有显著性差异（P<0.05）,显著性分析采用LSD多重比较。Y：年份;W：水分管理;N：氮肥管理。*和**分别表示 F 值达显著（P<0.05）和极显著（P<0.01）水平。ns表示无显著差异。下同 N0: Zero nitrogen; PUN100:Traditional nitrogen level; PUN80: 80% of traditional nitrogen level; CRFN80-BC: 80% of control-released fertilizer-nitrogen (CRF-N) plus biochar; SFN80-BC: 80% of stable fertilizer-nitrogen (SF-N) plus biochar. FI: Flood irrigation; AWD: Alternate wet and dry irrigation. Bars marked without the same letters indicate significant difference at P<0.05. Y: Year; W: Water management; N: Nitrogen management. * and ** represent a significant F-value at P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively. ns represents non-significant difference. The same as below
N0,空白对照;PUN100,常规施氮;PUN80,减氮20%;CRFN80-BC,缓控释肥减氮20%+生物炭;SFN80-BC,稳定性复合肥减氮20%+生物炭。FI,常规淹灌;AWD,干湿交替灌溉。图中不同处理数据后不同字母表示有显著性差异（P<0.05）。下同 Fig. 1Nitrogen contents in steam-sheaths, leaves and panicles of rice at different growth stages
N0: Zero nitrogen; PUN100:Traditional nitrogen level; PUN80: 80% of traditional nitrogen level; CRFN80-BC: 80% of control-released fertilizer-nitrogen (CRF-N) plus biochar; SFN80-BC: 80% of stable fertilizer-nitrogen (SF-N) plus biochar. FI: Flood irrigation; AWD: Alternate wet and dry irrigation. Bars marked with the different letters indicate significant difference at P<0.05. The same as below
Table 3 表3 表3水稻抽穗期至成熟期群体各器官氮转运量和氮转运贡献率 Table 3N translocation and contribution of nitrogen translocation in stems-sheaths and leaves of rice from the heading to maturity stage
处理 Treatment
茎鞘 Stem-sheath
叶片 Leaf
穗 Panicle
氮肥类型 N
灌溉模式 W
氮转运量 Nitrogen translocation (kg·hm-2)
氮转运率 Efficiency of nitrogen translocation (%)
氮转运量 Nitrogen translocation (kg·hm-2)
氮转运率 Efficiency of nitrogen translocation (%)
氮增加量 Nitrogen increment (kg·hm-2)
转运氮 贡献率 Contribution rate of nitrogen translocation (%)
叶转运氮 贡献率 Contribution rate of leaf nitrogen translocation (%)
茎鞘转运氮 贡献率 Contribution rate of stem-sheath nitrogen translocation (%)
Table 5 表5 表5水稻氮累积转运、氮素利用率和稻田氮含量与产量及产量构成因子的相关系数 Table 5Correlation coefficients of nitrogen accumulation, translocation, nitrogen use efficiency and soil nitrogen concentration with rice yield and its yield components
指标 Index
有效穗 Effective panicle
千粒重 1000-grain weight
颖花数 Spikelets per panicle
结实率 Seed-setting rate
产量 Grain yield
分蘖期叶片氮累积 Leaf N accumulation at tillering stage
0.474**
-0.336
0.463**
0.024
0.684**
分蘖期茎鞘氮累积 Stem-sheath N accumulation at tillering stage
0.518**
-0.180
0.318
-0.139
0.631**
齐穗期叶片氮累积 Leaf N accumulation at heading stage
0.877**
-0.511**
0.645**
-0.447*
0.898**
齐穗期茎鞘氮累积 Stem-sheath N accumulation at heading stage
0.912**
-0.325
0.789**
-0.634**
0.897**
齐穗期穗氮累积 Panicle N accumulation at heading stage
0.542**
-0.521**
0.452*
0.005
0.718**
成熟期叶片氮累积 Leaf N accumulation at maturity stage
0.959**
-0.390*
0.577**
-0.685**
0.836**
成熟期茎鞘氮累积 Stem-sheath N accumulation at maturity stage
0.033
-0.138
-0.595**
0.066
-0.280
成熟期穗氮累积 Panicle N accumulation at maturity stage
0.892**
-0.354
0.801**
-0.669**
0.877**
叶片氮转运量 Leaf N translocation
0.733**
-0.534**
0.620**
-0.250
0.843**
叶片氮转运率 Efficiency of leaf N translocation
-0.211
-0.276
0.165
0.527**
0.114
茎鞘氮转运量 Stem-sheath N translocation
0.825**
-0.262
0.869**
-0.595**
0.889**
茎鞘氮转运率 Efficiency of stem-sheath N translocation
0.706**
-0.290
0.891**
-0.558**
0.790**
穗氮增加量 Panicle N translocation
0.868**
-0.279
0.786**
-0.738**
0.814**
转运氮贡献率 Contribution rate of N translocation
0.740**
-0.407*
0.802**
-0.391*
0.865**
叶片转运氮贡献率 Contribution rate of leaf N translocation
0.376*
-0.499**
0.346
0.121
0.557**
茎鞘转运氮贡献率 Contribution rate of stem-sheath N translocation
0.780**
-0.287
0.874**
-0.565**
0.854**
氮回收利用率 N recovery efficiency
0.836**
-0.221
0.369
0.155
0.844**
氮农学利用率 N agronomy efficiency
0.710**
-0.088
0.478*
-0.037
0.891**
氮偏生产力 N partial factor productivity
0.334
0.118
0.807**
0.112
0.742**
氮生理利用率 N physiological efficiency
0.288
0.075
0.401
-0.157
0.581**
成熟期稻田DTN DTN content in paddy soil at maturity stage
0.681**
0.477**
-0.028
0.649**
-0.364*
成熟期稻田NH4+ NH4+ content in paddy soil at maturity stage
-0.494**
-0.404*
0.443*
-0.546**
0.219
成熟期稻田NO3- NO3- content in paddy soil at maturity stage
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新窗口打开|下载原图ZIP|生成PPT
新窗口打开|下载原图ZIP|生成PPT
新窗口打开|下载原图ZIP|生成PPT
