Coupling Mechanism of Herbage-Water-Nitrogen Fertilizer in Abandoned Farmland in Meadow Steppe
LI Da1, FANG HuaJun2, WANG Di1, XU LiJun,3, TANG XueJuan3, XIN XiaoPing3, NIE YingYing3, Wuren qiqige41Institute of Animal Husbandry Science of Baicheng/Hulunber Grassland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station/National Forage Industry Technology System Baicheng Station, Baicheng 137000, Jilin 2 Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101 3Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Hulunber Grassland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Beijing 100081 4 Hulunber University/Key Laboratory of Meadow Grassland Ecosystem and Global Change in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hulunber 021800, Inner Mongolia
Abstract 【Objective】 The study was to investigate the effects of three factors, including water replenishment, nitrogen application, and pasture type, on the biomass, plant nutrient composition and soil quality of artificial grassland communities by planting artificial grassland with different planting patterns of Hulunber, and to reveal the retreat of Hulunbuir area and the water-fertilizer coupling mechanisms of cultivated land artificial grassland, so as to optimize the mode of planting management. 【Method】 The experiment was carried out at the Hulunber Grassland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station. On June 6, 2016, the experiment began with four blocks, each of which included three test factors pasture types (P) and nitrogen application level (N) and Irrigation (I); forage types included three treatments: alfalfa (P1), awnless brome (P2), and alfalfa and awnless brome 1:1 mixed sowing (P3); nitrogen application levels included no nitrogen (N0), low nitrogen (N1: 75 kgN·hm-2·a-1) and high nitrogen (N2: 150 kgN·hm-2·a-1). The hydration included two levels (I0: no water, I1: hydration). There were 72 test plots, each of which was 7 m×10 m, and the row spacing was 1 m; it replenished the water 3 times every year in June, July and August, and the water per unit area was 20 mm. The nitrogen application (chemical pure urea) was twice in the seedling (returning) and tillering stages, respectively. Grassland biomass, nutrients (plant crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber) and soil nutrients (soil total nitrogen, soil organic carbon and soil pH) were measured in 2016 and 2017. 【Result】 (1) The response of (N), (I), (P) and (P×I) to yield in the year of planting (2016) reached a significant level (P<0.05), and two measurements in 2017. The total yield of the production reached a significant level (P<0.05) in response to test factors such as (N), (P), (P×I), (P×N), (N×I×P), and mixed (P3). Under low water (I0) conditions, the yield of low nitrogen (N1) was significantly higher than that of the other treatment groups (P<0.05), with an average of 17 801.19 kg·hm-2. (2) The crude protein content in 2016 and 2017 were P1 treatment>P3 treatment>P2 treatment, in 2016. P1, P2 and P3 treatment showed that the CP content increased with the increase of nitrogen level when the hydration (I) conditions were the same, and P1 was not replenished under water (I0) conditions. The crude protein content under P1N2I0 was significantly higher than that under P1N0I0, P1N1I0, and P1N1I1 (P<0.05), reaching a maximum value of 19.08%; in 2017, under P3 at I0 conditions, the CP content of the lower N1 level (15.12%) was significantly higher than that of N0 (P<0.05). (3) Both nitrogen application and water addition promoted the negative growth of soil SOC content, positive TN content, and negative pH growth. The SOC growth of the topsoil and the bromegrass were significantly higher than that of the mixed seeding (P<0.05), and the TN growth of the topsoil was significantly higher than that of the bromegrass and mixed seeding (P<0.05); under the surface and subsurface of 2016, the ratio of soil carbon to nitrogen (C/N) was higher than that of 2017, the average surface layer was 17.39% higher, and the subsurface layer was 15.18% higher. The carbon and nitrogen ratio of surface soil was more obvious. The surface soil carbon and nitrogen ratio was P1N0I1 in 2016, with the highest value of 8.15; in 2017, the highest value under P1N2I0 was 5.67. The carbon and nitrogen in the subsurface soil was 6.36 higher than that under P1N2I1 in 2016, and the highest under P3N2I1 in 2017 was 5.67. 【Conclusion】 In the second year of planting in Hulunber, the coupling effect of herbage, water and nitrogen fertilizer had a significant effect on the biomass of the grass. The coupling effect of water and nitrogen fertilizer had a synergistic effect on the nutrient accumulation of the grass. The construction of artificial grassland plant could reduce a C/N and soil quality to drop, and adding in different kinds of grass, and water and nitrogen levels all showed the 0-20 cm soil SOC content and pH value were lower and soil TN content increased, indicating that soil acidification occurs, bean-grain mixed soil pH lower amplitude was less than unicast, and high nitrogen and filling water could be reduced to a significantly increased the soil pH value. Keywords:artificial grassland;nitrogen application;adding water;mixed sowing of bean-grass;community biomass;soil nutrients;Hulunber
PDF (517KB)元数据多维度评价相关文章导出EndNote|Ris|Bibtex收藏本文 本文引用格式 李达, 方华军, 王笛, 徐丽君, 唐雪娟, 辛晓平, 聂莹莹, 乌仁其其格. 草甸草原区退耕地的牧草-水分-氮肥耦合机制[J]. 中国农业科学, 2020, 53(13): 2691-2702 doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.13.017 LI Da, FANG HuaJun, WANG Di, XU LiJun, TANG XueJuan, XIN XiaoPing, NIE YingYing, Wuren qiqige. Coupling Mechanism of Herbage-Water-Nitrogen Fertilizer in Abandoned Farmland in Meadow Steppe[J]. Scientia Acricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(13): 2691-2702 doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.13.017
Fig. 1Variation trend of meteorological conditions temperature and precipitation in 2016-2017
1.2 试验设计
2016年6月6日试验开始,设置3个因素试验,即牧草类型(Pasture)、施氮水平(Nitrogen)和补水处理(Irrigation)。牧草类型设紫花苜蓿单播(P1)、无芒雀麦单播(P2)、紫花苜蓿无芒雀麦1﹕1混播(P3)3个处理;施氮设不施氮(N0)、低氮(N1:75 kg N·hm-2·a-1)和高氮(N2:150 kg N·hm-2·a-1)3个水平,每年追施氮肥(化学纯尿素)两次,分别于成苗(返青)期和分蘖期撒施;补水设不补水(I0)和补水(I1)两个水平,每年6、7、8月补水3次,补水20 mm·m-2,见表1。重复4次,共计72个试验小区,每个试验小区面积7 m×10 m,行距1 m。
Table 3 表3 表3各处理之间牧草生物量的比较 Table 3Comparison of the biomass of lower pasture between treatments
处理组 Treatment
产量Dry weight (kg·hm-2)
2016
2017
P1I0N0
1725.00±190.02a
9954.26±756.41a
P1I0N1
2249.63±317.60a
8241.24±389.35a
P1I0N2
1385.93±226.72a
9546.30±1391.84a
P1I1N0
2171.67±263.37a
9356.11±471.86a
P1I1N1
1936.11±370.06a
10184.04±1492.04a
P1I1N2
2150.46±272.86a
10705.19±1653.52a
P2I0N0
2592.69±363.03a
11030.56±292.88a
P2I0N1
1855.28±416.00a
11133.80±173.71a
P2I0N2
2767.69±595.23a
9316.60±1001.31b
P2I1N0
1829.26±316.65a
11894.91±163.28a
P2I1N1
2258.80±505.40a
11562.36±122.73a
P2I1N2
2672.50±675.11a
8542.5±555.63b
P3I0N0
2178.06±511.10a
13253.33±637.41bc
P3I0N1
2214.63±341.56a
17801.19±503.09a
P3I0N2
2594.17±560.39a
13683.80±266.01b
P3I1N0
2313.52±445.38a
12169.26±394.49cd
P3I1N1
2554.63±256.94a
13263.98±396.62bc
P3I1N2
2140.74±573.56a
11027.78±384.61d
数据表示为每种牧草种植模式下的平均值±标准误差。同列不同小写字母表示同一时间、同一牧草类型下,不同播种管理模式之间差异显著,P<0.05 Data are presented by M±SE. Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate that there are significant differences among different sowing management modes at the same time and under the same grassland type, P<0.05
Table 4 表4 表4不同处理对牧草营养成份的影响 Table 4Effects of different treatments on the change of nutritional composition of grassland from 2016 to 2017
处理组 Treatment
2016
2017
粗蛋白 CP (%)
中性洗涤纤维 NDF (%)
酸性洗涤纤维 ADF (%)
相对饲喂价值 RFV
粗蛋白 CP (%)
中性洗涤纤维 NDF (%)
酸性洗涤纤维 ADF (%)
相对饲喂价值 RFV
P1I0N0
16.61±0.14b
29.85±1.26a
20.12±1.88a
229.99±13.80a
15.87±0.70a
48.83±0.81a
30.83±1.45a
125.35±3.81a
P1I0N1
17.51±0.41ab
33.49±2.42a
21.23±2.71a
205.41±19.95a
15.51±0.42a
49.84±0.95a
31.87±0.56a
121.17±2.53a
P1I0N2
19.08±0.47a
28.47±1.70a
17.81±1.50a
248.48±17.10a
16.18±1.41a
48.91±1.38a
30.91±1.64a
126.67±7.02a
P1I1N0
16.69±0.74b
32.31±2.12a
21.51±2.76a
211.44±18.30a
15.27±0.68a
49.00±1.08a
30.90±1.39a
124.56±4.55a
P1I1N1
16.62±1.27b
35.32±4.64a
24.48±2.68a
196.45±31.60a
15.30±0.55a
49.95±0.98a
31.89±0.79a
120.19±2.62a
P1I1N2
17.55±0.47ab
31.35±2.61a
22.09±1.86a
218.12±21.46a
15.12±0.66a
49.54±1.88a
32.29±1.65a
122.27±7.52a
P2I0N0
16.37±0.68a
34.27±1.32a
19.71±1.11a
200.74±8.91a
10.21±1.02a
65.08±2.02a
36.99±1.27a
86.53±4.19a
P2I0N1
17.93±0.20a
31.12±1.67a
17.55±1.74a
227.76±17.80a
10.24±0.59a
63.46±1.14a
36.67±0.89a
88.70±2.59a
P2I0N2
18.19±1.21a
33.61±1.48a
17.65±1.88a
209.85±13.62a
12.42±0.47a
63.40±0.99a
34.76±0.99a
90.93±2.53a
P2I1N0
16.59±0.68a
31.07±1.07a
17.33±1.19a
226.77±9.17a
10.04±1.42a
61.77±1.18a
34.51±1.14a
93.74±3.07a
P2I1N1
17.46±1.11a
33.47±0.91a
18.86±1.62a
206.73±8.44a
11.33±0.84a
62.43±1.49a
36.55±1.96a
91.68±4.56a
P2I1N2
17.88±1.56a
32.34±0.97a
18.67±1.83a
214.9±9.80a
11.01±0.61a
64.21±1.47a
36.75±1.24a
87.62±2.96a
P3I0N0
16.79±1.38a
33.65±1.85a
22.24±2.51a
200.61±15.95a
13.15±0.52b
55.33±2.68a
33.72±1.55a
106.87±7.69a
P3I0N1
16.82±1.23a
32.61±1.93a
20.99±2.30a
209.97±16.51a
15.12±0.42a
53.29±0.89a
31.09±1.25a
113.61±3.51a
P3I0N2
17.39±1.88a
33.77±2.77a
21.85±1.42a
202.83±19.54a
14.69±0.39ab
54.22±1.71a
31.20±0.40a
111.50±3.73a
P3I1N0
17.93±1.27a
30.85±1.70a
19.95±2.29a
224.03±16.75a
14.71±0.42ab
54.75±2.49a
33.01±1.44a
109.03±6.42a
P3I1N1
17.62±1.09a
31.96±2.59a
20.27±1.68a
218.49±23.41a
13.77±0.80ab
55.76±0.87a
33.29±1.27a
105.48±3.06a
P3I1N2
18.34±1.05a
31.34±1.69a
18.44±1.89a
223.95±16.67a
14.65±0.46ab
56.37±2.33a
33.56±1.56a
105.02±5.91a
数据表示为每种牧草种植模式下的平均值±标准误差。同列不同小写字母表示同一时间、同一牧草类型下,不同播种管理模式之间差异显著,P<0.05 Data are presented by M±SE. Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate that there are significant differences among different sowing management modes at the same time and under the same grassland type, P<0.05
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