邱文博¹, 李冠宇¹, 徐俊臣¹, 胡轶群¹, 王亚丁¹, 石洪源²
1.国家海洋技术中心, 天津 300111;2.鲁东大学土木工程学院, 烟台 264025

摘要:
本文利用欧洲中期预报中心（ECMWF）第五代再分析数据集（ECMWF Reanalysis v5，ERA5），对中国黄渤海海域2000—2019年的波浪进行了统计分析。得到如下的结论：1）黄渤海海区波浪具有明显的季节性，渤海区域有效波高呈现出周边小，中间大的特点；黄海海域有效波高呈现由南向北降低的趋势；研究区域冬季有效波高均值大于其他季节。2）平均周期T的季节分布类似于有效波高的季节均值分布。渤海仅秋冬季T的均值存在大于4 s的区域；黄海海域T的季节分布也呈现由南向北递减的趋势，其中长江口外海区域秋冬季T的季节均值可达6 s。3）有效波高距平场EOF分解结果显示，第一模态表明了波浪变化具有明显的季节性特征；第二模态反映了季风的季节转换对有效波高的影响；第三模态反映的可能是有效波高因地形不同而产生的变化。4）代表点统计结果显示：渤海整个地区的常浪向为NNE-NE，强浪向以NE和NNE为主；黄海海域的常浪向为SSE-SE向，强浪向以N和SSE为主。
关键词:波浪波浪特征EOF黄渤海海域
DOI：10.11759/hykx20201109001
分类号:P753
基金项目:国家自然科学基金（51909114）

Spatial and temporal variation characteristics of the waves in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea
QIU Wen-bo¹, LI Guan-yu¹, XU Jun-chen¹, HU Yi-qun¹, WANG Ya-ding¹, SHI Hong-yuan²
1.Nation Ocean Technology Center, Tianjin 300111, China;2.School of Civil Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
Abstract:
Herein, the waves in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea in China between 2000 and 2019 were examined using the ECMWF Reanalysis V5 (ERA5) data set. It was found that:(1) An evident seasonality is observed in the waves in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea areas. In the Bohai Sea, the significant wave height (H_s) shows characteristics of a smaller surrounding area and a larger middle area. However, the H_s in the Yellow Sea tends to decrease from south to north. The mean value of H_s in winter is higher than those in other seasons; (2) The seasonal distribution of the mean period (T) is similar to the seasonal mean distribution of H_s. The mean value of T in the Bohai Sea is greater than 4 s only in autumn and winter. The seasonal distribution of T in the Yellow Sea also shows a decreasing trend from south to north, and the seasonal average of T in autumn and winter in the coastal area off the Yangtze River estuary can reach 6 s; (3) The EOF decomposition results of the H_s anomaly field show that the first mode indicates the obvious seasonal characteristics of the wave changes, the second mode reflects the effect of seasonal changes of a monsoon on H_s, and the third mode may represent the effect of the change in terrain on the change in H_s; and (4) Results of the statistical analysis of the representative points show that the usual wave direction of the whole Bohai Sea area is NNE-NE and the strong wave direction is mainly NE and NNE, while the usual wave direction of the Yellow Sea is SSE-SE and the strong wave direction is mainly N and SSE.
Key words:wavewave characteristicsEOFYellow and Bohai Sea





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