李炳,王瑞旋,谢燕纯,舒琥,牟红莉,郭子晗,王江勇
1.水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心(上海海洋大学)上海 201306;2.中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所, 广东省渔业生态环境重点实验室, 农业部水产品加工重点实验室, 广东 广州 510300;3.韩山师范学院, 广东 潮州 521041;4.广州大学, 广东 广州 510006;5.加尼福利亚浸会大学 美国 加尼福利亚 92504

摘要:
本研究针对高温时期（6月、9月）广东沿海地区的香港牡蛎（Crassostrea hongkongensis）体内异养细菌总数和弧菌总数进行了深入的调查，并由添加单种抗生素（分别是：庆大霉素、呋喃唑酮、利福平、环丙沙星、恩诺沙星、氯霉素、复方新诺明）的培养基中分离得到310个菌株。进一步采用纸片扩散法（kirby-bauer法）针对常见的抗生素对此310个菌株进行药敏测试，了解不同来源菌株的耐药状况。结果表明310个菌株分属48个不同种属，主要是肠杆菌（Enterobacter）、弧菌（Vibrio）、芽孢杆菌（Bacillus）、肺炎克雷伯菌（Klebsiella）、希瓦氏菌（Shewanella）、不动杆菌（Acinetobacter）、假单胞菌（Pseudomonas）、短波单胞菌（Brevundimonas）、发光杆菌（Photobacterium）、黄杆菌（Tenacibaculum）、盐单胞菌（Halomonas）等。在9月份从牡蛎体内分离的异养细菌比6月份分离的异养细菌高出1~2个数量级（除台山外）。6月份从台山地区牡蛎分离的异养细菌数（2.6×10⁶~5.8×10⁶ cfu/g）最多，高出其他地区1~3个数量级。药敏测试结果显示牡蛎体内异养细菌对20种抗生素普遍存在抗性，尤其对青霉素、卡拉霉素、呋喃唑酮、阿莫西林、克林霉素及万古霉素表现出较高的耐药率。高温时期（6月、9月）分离的异养菌大多数为多重耐药细菌，其比例分别为84.18%和91.72%。本研究将为牡蛎养殖业的疾病控制以及水产养殖中细菌的耐药状况提供重要参考依据。
关键词:牡蛎异养细菌弧菌多重耐药性
DOI：10.11759/hykx20190714004
分类号:S917.1
基金项目:现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金（CARS-49）；广东省渔业生态环境重点实验室开放基金项目（201620411）；广东省自然科学基金项目（2017A030313112）

Investigation on the quantity and species of bacteria and their antibiotic resistance in Crassostrea hongkongensis from the coast in Guangdong province
LI Bing^1,2,3,4, WANG Rui-xuan^1,5, XIE Yan-chun⁶, SHU Hu⁶, MOU Hong-li^2,3,4, GUO Zi-han⁷, WANG Jiang-yong^1,2,3,4
1.National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education(Shanghai Ocean University), Shanghai 201306, China;2.South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences;3.Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Guangdong Province;4.Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs South, Guangzhou 510300, China;5.College of Food Technology and Life Science, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, 521041, China;6.Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China;7.California Baptist University, California 92504, USA
Abstract:
Quantities of heterotrophic bacteria and Vibrio spp. in oysters (Crassostrea hongkongensis) from the coast of the Guangdong province during the high-temperature season (June and September) were analyzed. Antibiotic resistance of 310 bacterial strains isolated from medium containing different species with resistance to a single antibiotic, including gentamicin, furazolidone, rifampicin, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, chloramphenicol, compound sulfamethoxazole, were further confirmed using the Kirby-Bauer method. Results showed that the 310 isolates belonged to 48 different species among the Enterobacter, Vibrio, Bacillus, Klebsiella, Shewanella, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Brevundimonas, Photobacterium, Tenacibaculum, and Halomonas genuses. The quantity of heterotrophic bacteria isolated from oysters in September was 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than that in June, with an exception of that in Taishan city. Heterotrophic bacteria quantities in oysters from the Taishan area peaked (2.6×10⁶ to 5.8×10⁶ cfu/g) in June and were 1-3 orders of magnitude higher than those in other areas. Only 20 antibiotics were used for antibiotic susceptibility tests. Results showed that almost 310 strains were resistant to 20 antibiotics, with most strains resistant to penicillin, kanamycin, furazolidone, amoxicillin, clindamycin, and vancomycin. Multiple antibiotic resistance was widespread during the high-temperature period:84.18% in June and 91.72% in September. Therefore, the present study provides an important reference for disease control in oyster farming and bacterial antibiotic resistance in aquaculture.
Key words:oystersheterotrophic bacteriaVibrioantibiotic resistance





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