赵领娣^1,2, 脱颖¹, 王亚薇¹, 王小华³
1.中国海洋大学经济学院, 山东 青岛 266100;2.中国海洋大学 教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地中国海洋大学海洋发展研究院, 山东 青岛 266100;3.新南威尔士大学中澳海岸带管理研究中心, 澳大利亚 堪培拉 2600

摘要:
本文以2013—2017年我国鱼类、甲壳类、贝类、藻类、其他类产品海水养殖规模及产量的分析为基础，有别于现有文献关于我国海水养殖业发展现状的分析，创新性地使用比较优势模型并测算专业化系数，分析我国海水养殖结构特点，明确10个沿海省市的优势海水养殖产品及其养殖专业化程度，从而有针对性地指出我国海水养殖结构的优化方向。文章结果表明：（1）我国五类海水养殖产品的产量均呈上升趋势，且贝类的产量始终最高；海水养殖总面积有所下降，其中贝类产品的养殖面积虽逐年减少，但始终位于第一。（2）山东、福建、广东三省的海水养殖总产量、养殖规模和单产均位于全国10个沿海省市的前列。（3）10个沿海省市分别拥有自己的优势海水养殖产品，但只有海南充分发挥优势实现专业化生产。对此，我国应继续优化海水养殖产品布局，促进各省市对自身比较优势产品的规模化生产，从而推动全国海水养殖产业的高效专业化发展。
关键词:海水养殖比较优势地区专业化
DOI：10.11759/hykx20191030002
分类号:F062.1
基金项目:国家自然科学基金面上项目（71974176）；国家自然科学基金面上项目（71473233）；国家社科基金重大课题（14ZDB151）；国家社科基金专项课题（18VSJ067）

Comparative advantage and specialization analysis of regional marine aquaculture in China
ZHAO Ling-di^1,2, TUO Ying¹, WANG Ya-wei¹, WANG Xiao-hua³
1.School of Economics, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China;2.Marine Development Studies Institute of OUC, Key Research Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences at Universities, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266100, China;3.Canberra Center for Coastal Zone Management, University of New South Wales, Canberra 2600, Australia
Abstract:
Herein, the scale of marine aquaculture and yield of fish, crustaceans, shellfish, algae, and other aquaculture products in China were analyzed from 2013 to 2017. To investigate the development status of marine aquaculture, this study innovatively used the comparative advantage model and specialization coefficient to analyze the characteristics and structure of marine aquaculture, evaluate the superiority of marine aquaculture products, and assess the breeding specialization of these products in 10 coastal provinces and cities in China. This study clarified the optimal direction of China’s marine aquaculture structure. The following results were obtained: (1) the output of China’s five types of marine aquaculture products is on the rise, with shellfish production rising the highest. However, the total area of marine aquaculture has decreased, while the aquaculture area of shellfish production has decreased every year, but it always had the largest area of any product. (2) Among the 10 coastal provinces and cities in China, Shandong, Fujian and Guangdong rank the top in the total amount, scale and output per unit of marine aquaculture. (3) The 10 coastal provinces and cities have their own specific advantages in marine aquaculture production, but only Hainan has fully utilized its advantages to achieve specialized production. Therefore, China should continue to optimize the layout of marine aquaculture products and encourage the large-scale production of products with comparative advantages in specific provinces and cities, thereby promoting the efficient and professional development of the national marine aquaculture industry.
Key words:marine aquaculturecomparative advantageregional specialization





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