黄晓敏^1,2, 诸姮¹, 卢昌义^1,2
1.厦门大学环境与生态学院, 福建 厦门 361102;2.河口生态安全与环境健康福建省高校重点实验室厦门大学嘉庚学院, 福建 漳州 363105)

摘要:
为了探究经过15年种间竞争后的外来无瓣海桑（Sonneratia apetala）与乡土红树植物秋茄（Kandelia obovata）的群落现状与发展趋势，采用样方法对福建省厦门市同安湾典型红树林群落特征开展实地研究。结果表明：（1）无瓣海桑是无瓣海桑群落中的优势种，而秋茄仅在该群落北侧与无瓣海桑少量混交，秋茄+无瓣海桑群落为种植秋茄和无瓣海桑的茂密混交林；（2）调查幼苗天然更新情况中发现，在两个群落中秋茄均有幼苗自然生长，但均未发现无瓣海桑幼苗；（3）生长状况的调查发现，无瓣海桑长势较秋茄差，其倒伏数量和倒伏程度明显比秋茄严重；（4）无瓣海桑在秋茄+无瓣海桑群落中的生长状况优于在无瓣海桑群落，倒伏程度较轻。综上可见，无瓣海桑在福建省厦门市该研究样地及其周边更新成林和扩散困难，未有入侵秋茄群落的优势；无瓣海桑在风浪环境下，较秋茄更易出现倒伏和枯死等不可逆生长现象；红树林种植过程中采用“外来种+乡土种”的模式，可提高整个林分的抗风浪能力，但需注意种植布局规格的合理性，可避免外来速生快长种与乡土种紧邻混交产生较大的种间竞争，减小对乡土种生长的影响。
关键词:无瓣海桑(Sonneratiaapetala)秋茄(Kandelia obovata)种间竞争外来种风险
DOI：10.11759/hykx20190411001
分类号:Q948.1
基金项目:国家科技部重点研发专项项目（2017YFC0506103）

Community status and development trend of exotic and native mangrove species after 15 years of interspecific competition
HUANG Xiao-min^1,2, ZHU Heng¹, LU Chang-yi^1,2
1.College of Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University Xiamen 361102, China;2.Key Laboratory of Estuarine Ecological Security and Environmental Health of Fujian Province University, Tan Kah Kee College, Xiamen University Zhangzhou 363105, China
Abstract:
The aim of this study was to examine the community status and the development trend of exotic and native mangrove species after 15 years of interspecific competition. Based on the field survey conducted using the quadrat method, the changes in the characteristics of a typical mangrove community that occurred during the past 15 years in Xiamen Tong'an Bay were analyzed. Results showed the following trend:(1) In the Sonneratia apetala community, S. apetala was the dominant species. Kandelia obovata was planted only on the north side of the community along with S. apetala. The K. obovata + S. apetala community grew densely and included both K. obovata and S. apetala. (2) Investigation of the natural regeneration of seedlings in the two communities revealed no seedlings of S. apetala. However, K. obovata seedlings were found growing naturally in both communities. (3) Investigation of the growth of mangrove plants in the two communities showed that the growth of S. apetala was much lower than that of K. obovata. Furthermore, the lodging phenomenon and the lodging degree of S. apetala were significantly worse than those of K. obovata. (4) The growth status of S. apetala in the K. obovata + S. apetala community was better than that in the S. apetala community. In summary, the recruitment and dispersal of S. apetala in this research area were extremely difficult and had no advantage of invasion to the K. obovata community. The irreversible growth phenomena of S. apetala such as lodging and withering were more likely to occur in the wind and wave environment. Therefore, the artificial planting mode of "exotic species + native species" should be adopted as this mode could improve the ability to resist wind and waves of the mangrove. However, it is also necessary to focus on the reasonable planting layout to avoid interspecific competition between the exotic species and the native species.
Key words:Sonneratia apetalaKandelia obovatainterspecific competitionexotic risk





PDF全文下载地址:

点我下载PDF