石红旗¹, 王霄曈², 张昊阳², 石博欣³, 张睿²
1.自然资源部 第一海洋研究所, 山东 青岛 266061;2.山东省青岛第二中学, 山东 青岛 266061;3.山东省青岛第三十九中学, 山东 青岛 266106

摘要:
本研究通过识别海洋气团特征及沿海城市大气受到海洋气团的影响方式与程度，为评价沿海城市空气环境质量提供科学依据。以青岛市为例，收集大气气溶胶样品中放射性核素²¹⁰Pb、⁴⁰K数据及采集时段当地大气颗粒物数据；分析²¹⁰Pb活度浓度与气溶胶颗粒物浓度变化；对当地当时大气气团进行溯源分析。研究表明：（1）研究期间青岛沿岸地区2015年4月至2016年6月与2016年6月至2017年6月大气污染特征显著不同，前者²¹⁰Pb活度浓度与污染颗粒物浓度显著相关，而后者²¹⁰Pb活度浓度与污染颗粒物无相关关系；（2）穿越海洋的陆地气团呈现出高活度浓度、低颗粒物浓度的特征；来自海洋气团的气溶胶呈现出低活度浓度、低颗粒物浓度的特征；（3）海洋气团气溶胶中²¹⁰Pb活度浓度较低。临近大陆的海洋（黄海、东海）上层大气受到大陆气团的影响，其海洋气团的特征有所减弱。²¹⁰Pb活度浓度、颗粒物浓度（PM2.5）可作为判断海洋气团的指标，识别"来自海洋的气团"与"经过海洋的气团"。
关键词:海洋气团气溶胶铅-210(²¹⁰Pb)PM10PM2.5后轨迹分析
DOI：10.11759/hykx20181011001
分类号:P441.1
基金项目:海洋公益性行业科研专项（201505005-2）；中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目（2012T06）

Influence and identification of maritime air masses of coastal cities' atmospheric environment
SHI Hong-qi¹, WANG Xiao-tong², ZHANG Hao-yang², SHI Bo-xin³, ZHANG Rui²
1.First Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Qingdao 266061, China;2.Qingdao No.2 Middle School of Shandong Province, Qingdao 266061, China;3.Qingdao No. 39 Middle School of Shandong Province, Qingdao 266106, China
Abstract:
This study provides a scientific basis for objective evaluation of atmospheric environment quality of coastal cities by identifying the characteristics of ocean air masses and the influence of maritime air masses on the atmosphere of coastal cities. With Qingdao as an example, the data of radionuclides ²¹⁰Pb, ⁴⁰K, and local atmospheric particulate matter in atmospheric aerosol samples were collected, the changes of ²¹⁰Pb activity and aerosol particle concentration were analyzed, and the simulated trajectory of atmospheric air masses at the time was investigated. Results show the following:(1) Characteristics of air pollution in Qingdao coastal areas were significantly different between April 2015~June 2016 and June 2016~June 2017. A significant correlation between the ²¹⁰Pb activity and the concentration of contaminated particles in April 2015~June 2016 was observed. Meanwhile, no correlation between the ²¹⁰Pb activity in June 2016~June 2017 and the concentration of particulate matter in winter was observed. (2) Land air masses passing through the ocean were characterized by high ²¹⁰Pb activity and low particulate matter concentration. Meanwhile, aerosols from marine air masses exhibited low ²¹⁰Pb activity and low particulate matter concentration. (3) The ²¹⁰Pb activity and concentration in marine aerosol were low. The upper atmosphere of the ocean near the mainland (the Yellow Sea and East China Sea) was affected by continental air masses, and the characteristics of ocean air masses were weakened. The ²¹⁰Pb activity and particulate matter concentration (PM2.5) are indicators of marine air masses that identify the difference between "air masses from the sea" and "air masses passing through the ocean."
Key words:maritime air massaerosol²¹⁰PbPM10PM2.5backward air mass trajectories





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