摘要/Abstract
碳基复合材料由于结构可变、形貌可调、成分可控, 能够展现出优异的理化特性, 在能源存储和转化领域具有极大的应用潜力. 其中, 锂-硫电池作为高效的能源存储和转化器件, 长期受困于硫(S)和硫化锂(Li2S)绝缘的瓶颈, 亟需开发高导电的储硫载体帮助锂-硫电池实现可逆充放电. 研究表明, 碳基复合材料具有强的导电能力, 且可以通过 表/界面和缺陷工程的技术制备获得, 易于实现多功能的耦合, 能够显著改善长循环中硫正极的流失, 缓解容量和倍率的衰减. 本综述通过总结碳基复合材料在锂-硫电池中的应用研究进展, 详细讨论功能化的碳基储硫载体和硫正极电化学性能的构-效关系, 分析材料的形貌、结构和组分的改变对硫正极电化学性能的影响. 最后, 对功能化碳基复合材料在锂-硫电池的实用化发展方向进行了展望.
关键词: 碳基复合材料, 锂-硫电池, 功能化, 正极
Carbon-based materials exhibit excellent physical and chemical properties due to their diverse structure, adjustable morphology and controllable composition. They have great application potentials in the field of new energy storage and conversion. Lithium-sulfur batteries as a kind of important new energy storage devices are trapped by the sulfur and lithium sulfide bottleneck of electronic insulation, which leads to irreversible charging and discharging processes. Fortunately, carbon-based composite materials have strong electrical conductivity. The coupling of multi-functions of the composite materials can improve the long-term utilization of sulfur and alleviate the attenuation of cycle and rate capacity. Functionalized carbon-based composite materials can be prepared through surface/interface and defect engineering techniques, which have attracted the attention and favor of scientific researchers. We review the preparation methods of functionalized carbon-based host materials and analyze the structure-function relationship of carbon-based composite materials and sulfur cathodes. We discuss the influence of the change of morphology, structure, and composition on the electrochemical performance of sulfur cathode. Finally, the feasibility of the functionalized carbon-based composite materials are prospected in the practical application of the lithium-sulfur battery.
Key words: carbon-based composite material, lithium-sulfur battery, functional, cathode
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