摘要/Abstract
固态锂电池(SSLBs)由于其安全性和潜在的高能量密度优势, 被认为是下一代动力电池的重要发展方向. 然而, 目前仍存在固态电解质离子电导率低, 电极/电解质界面兼容性和稳定性差等瓶颈问题. 为了提高SSLBs的性能, 阐明循环过程中电极、固态电解质及其界面间的动态演化是至关重要的. 在过去的几十年里, 各种先进原位表征技术的出现, 促进了对高性能锂电池内部工作机制的理解, 推动了SSLBs进一步发展. 本综述系统地介绍了近几年原子力显微镜、电子显微镜、X射线显微镜等成像表征技术和拉曼光谱、X-ray基技术、中子深度分析等成分分析技术的原位研究进展. 重点分析了各类表征技术在SSLBs循环过程中形貌和组分的演化, 包括正极材料的相变、形变, 金属锂的沉积/溶解、锂枝晶生长, 固态电解质结构演化和固体电解质中间相的形成, 进一步加深了对固态锂电池的理解.
关键词: 固态锂电池, 电极过程, 固体电解质中间相, 原位技术
Solid-state lithium batteries (SSLBs) are considered to be an important development direction for the next generation of power batteries due to their safety and potentially high energy density. However, there are several challenges including low ionic conductivity, poor stability/incompatibility between electrodes and electrolytes at present. To improve the performance of SSLBs, it is very important to clarify the dynamic evolution of electrodes, solid electrolytes, and their interfaces in the cycle process. In the past few decades, the emergence of various advanced in-situ characterization technologies has improved the understanding of the working mechanism of high-performance lithium batteries and promoted further development. Herein, we present a comprehensive overview of the in situ research progress of atomic force microscope, electron microscope, X-ray microscope and other imaging characterization techniques, and component analysis techniques such as Raman spectroscopy, X-ray technology, and neutron depth analysis in recent years. The focus is on the application research of various characterization techniques in morphology and composition evolution processes of the SSLBs, including the phase transformation and deformation of the cathode materials, the deposition/dissolution of lithium metal, the growth of lithium dendrites, the structure evolution of solid electrolytes, and the formation of the solid electrolyte interphase, which strengths the understanding of solid-state lithium batteries.
Key words: solid-state lithium battery, electrode process, solid electrolyte interphase, in situ technology
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