摘要/Abstract
光子晶体纤维是由光子晶体结构组成的纤维, 具有高饱和度的结构色彩; 其结合响应性材料或柔性基质可制备各种传感响应性光子晶体纤维, 在可穿戴智能传感设备方面具有应用潜力. 自然界中存在许多光子晶体纤维结构, 比如雪绒花花瓣的绒毛, 撒哈拉沙漠银蚂蚁的毛发, 黑嘴喜鹊羽毛等, 光子晶体纤维的研究对于取代传统纺织业的化学染料具有重要意义. 本综述总结了光子晶体纤维的概念、仿生制备方法、性能及相关应用, 并对光子晶体纤维在纺织业和智能传感领域的应用前景进行展望, 该综述对于发展光子晶体纤维的制备方法及潜在应用具有重要意义.
关键词: 光子晶体纤维, 仿生, 纺织, 传感
Photonic crystal (PC) fibers exist in many creatures in nature, which give them bright structural colors. PC fibers refer to fibers with the PC structure, which have a highly saturated structural color. Traditional chemical dyes in the textile industry are difficult to degrade to produce chemical pollution and waste of water resources. PC fibers with structural colors are of great significance for replacing traditional chemical dyes in the textile industry and have great potential in making wearable smart sensing devices. They can be used to prepare various sensor-responsive PC fibers when combined with responsive materials or flexible substrates. This paper reviews the fabrication methods, performance, applications and other related research works of PC fibers. PC fibers are mainly composed of colloidal microspheres. To show the structure and properties of PCs, the colloidal microsphere units are mixed with fiber materials and arranged in an orderly manner, or are directly assembled to fibrous materials. The fabrication methods of PC fibers mainly include template assembly, electrospinning, microfluidic spinning, extrusion assembly, multilayer crimp assembly, iterative size reduction and fabric assembly method. PC fibers have many excellent properties. For example, PC fibers are superhydrophobic after being stacked and arranged, which are similar to feathers of drakes with self-cleaning effect. The inverse opal PC fibers have high porosity, high specific area and periodic structure, which can greatly improve the application performance. PC fibers or fiber stacked fibrous membranes have a bright structural color, which can be used for the fabrication of various responsive PC fibers, such as strain-, humidity-, photothermal-, solvent-, and magnetic-response fiber, which are of great significance to the research and application of wearable smart sensors. Finally, the application prospects of PC fibers in the textile industry and intelligent sensing field are discussed.
Key words: photonic crystal fibers, bioinspired, textile, sensing
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