摘要/Abstract

以金属有机框架（metal-organic frameworks，MOFs）和共价有机框架（covalent organic frameworks，COFs）为代表的晶态多孔聚合物，具有高比表面积、多样的结构、开放的孔道、丰富的官能团、易功能化等特点，在气体储存和分离、催化、储能、光电器件等领域都有着广泛的应用前景.氨基酸是构成多肽和蛋白质的基本结构单元，不仅具有重要的生物学功能，还在药物生产、生物降解塑料、手性催化剂等工业应用中发挥重要作用.将氨基酸引入到MOFs和COFs体系中，可赋予其柔性化骨架、特殊的孔道环境、手性识别位点等特征，并且在一定程度上提高框架材料的生物相容性、可降解性，进一步丰富晶态多孔聚合物的功能和应用.本综述概括了利用氨基酸功能化MOF和COF材料的制备策略，主要包括以氨基酸及其衍生物作为构筑单元、骨架共价修饰氨基酸、以氨基酸作为调节剂；并重点介绍了这些材料在手性拆分、催化、吸附以及质子传导等领域的应用.最后，本综述分析了当前氨基酸功能化的晶态多孔聚合物面临的困难与挑战，并对其未来研究方向进行了展望.
关键词: 晶态多孔聚合物, 金属有机框架, 共价有机框架, 氨基酸, 功能化
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are representative crystalline porous polymers. Due to their high surface area, high porosity, open channels, abundant functional groups and easy functionalization, they show great applications in gas storage and separation, catalysis, energy storage, photovoltaic devices, etc. Amino acids are the basic structural units that constitute peptides and proteins, which not only have important biological functions, but also play an important role in industrial applications such as pharmaceutical production, biodegradable plastics, and chiral catalysts. The introduction of amino acids into MOFs and COFs could endow them with diverse and flexible frameworks, special pore environment, and chiral sites, improving their biocompatibility and degradability to some extent and enriching their functions and applications. This review focuses on the progress of the amino acid functionalized MOFs and COFs, including their synthetic strategies, such as employing amino acids and their derivatives as building unit, covalent modification of amino acids onto the framework, and utilizing amino acids as modulators. The advantages and disadvantages of these strategies are compared and their challenges are discussed. In addition, we also introduce their applications in chiral separation, catalysis, adsorption and proton conduction. Finally, we summarize the current challenges in the preparation of amino acid functionalized crystalline porous polymers and outlook the future research direction in this field.
Key words: crystalline porous polymer, metal-organic frameworks, covalent organic frameworks, amino acid, functionalization


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