摘要/Abstract

负载型催化剂作为一类重要工业催化剂，广泛应用于合成氨工业、能源化工和精细化工等重要的工业生产过程.水滑石（LDHs）是一类阴离子型二维层状无机功能材料，其具有层板元素比例可调、金属阳离子高分散和结构拓扑转变等特性，在多相催化中，其作为负载型催化剂的前体或者载体具有广阔的应用前景.总结了以LDHs或其拓扑转变得到的复合金属氧化物（MMO）作为催化剂载体，以LDHs作为催化剂前体，制备高性能的负载型单金属或双金属催化剂，聚焦于其在电催化、氧化脱氢、选择性加氢和合成气转化反应中的最新研究进展.最后，进一步讨论了LDHs基负载型催化剂未来的发展趋势以及面临的挑战，并提出了解决这些问题的有效方案.
关键词: 水滑石, 拓扑转变, 制备方法, 高分散, 负载型催化剂
Supported catalysts have been widely used in a large variety of industrial processes, including ammonia synthesis, energy conversion and fine chemical synthesis. Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are a class of two-dimensional functional anionic materials. By virtue of the unique structural characteristics (e.g., tunability of host layers, high dispersion of metal cations and structure topological transformation), LDHs have shown potential applications in heterogeneous catalysis as precursors or supports. In this review, high-performance monometallic or bimetallic supported catalysts by using LDHs as supports/precursors, or by utilizing mixed metal oxides (MMO) as supports via topotactic transformation from LDHs is highlighted. Their recent progresses in electrocatalysis, oxidative dehydrogenation, selective hydrogenation and syngas conversion reaction are reviewed. In the final section, future opportunities and challenges in the preparation of LDHs-based catalysts are discussed, and some strategies to resolve these critical problems are further proposed.
Key words: layered double hydroxides, topological transformation, preparation method, high dispersion, supported catalyst


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