摘要/Abstract

人体免疫缺陷病毒(Human immunodeficiency virus, HIV)是一种主要以CD4⁺T淋巴细胞和巨噬细胞等免疫细胞为靶点的感染性逆转录病毒, HIV感染的最终阶段为出现获得性免疫缺陷综合征(Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, AIDS). HIV迄今为止已经夺去近3300万人生命, 是全球最大的公共卫生挑战之一. 自从抗逆转录病毒治疗(Antiretrovial therapy, ART)出现以后, 抗逆转录药物的联合使用使艾滋病从致死性疾病变成慢性可控性疾病. 为了开发新的抗艾滋病药物, 基于病毒复制周期中的不同靶标将近年发展的抗艾滋病药物进行分类简述, 重点关注于药物的作用机制研究、临床应用现状及未来发展方向.
关键词: 抗逆转录病毒药物, 人体免疫缺陷病毒, 获得性免疫缺陷综合征, 长效抑制剂
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that mainly targets immune cells such as CD4⁺T lymphocytes and macrophages, which eventually leads to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). HIV continues to be a major global public health challenege, having killed almost 33 million lives so far. Since the emergence of antiretroviral therapy (ART), the combination of antiretroviral drugs has transformed HIV-1 infection, once a fatal illness, into a manageable chronic condition. Based on different targets during the virus replication cycle, anti-AIDS drugs in recent years were classified with focus on the mechanism elucidation, current clinical application and future direction.
Key words: antiretroviral drug, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), long-acting inhibitor


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