摘要/Abstract
内质网是真核细胞中重要的细胞器，参与多种蛋白质、糖原、脂类及胆固醇类物质的合成和分泌.内质网由细胞质中单层膜包围而成，具有由扁平膜囊、膜管以及膜泡相连形成的三维网状结构.对内质网生理形态的研究有助于攻克某些代谢疾病.荧光探针技术在细胞器定位方面由于其光学性质良好，特异性定位效果突出，广泛地用于细胞器的结构探究和活动追踪.内质网荧光探针可分为两类：一类是单功能的内质网定位探针·另一类是多功能内质网探针，具有定位和检测内质网中活性物种、内质网形态和环境的多重功能.总结与评述了近年来重要的内质网探针的结构、功能和生物应用，阐述了内质网荧光探针多样的定位机理，展望了内质网荧光探针在生命科学研究领域的发展趋势.
关键词: 内质网, 荧光探针, 靶向定位, 多功能探针
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an important organelle in eukaryotic cells and participates in the synthesis and secretion of various proteins, glycogen, lipids, and cholesterol substances. It is surrounded by a single membrane in the cytoplasm, which is a three-dimensional mesh structure formed by flat cysts, membrane tubes, and bubbles. Research on the physiological morphology of ER can facilitate the resolution of certain metabolic diseases. Due to the good optical properties and outstanding specific localization, fluorescent probe technology has been widely used in structural investigation and activity tracking of organelles. The ER fluorescent probes can be divided into two types, one is a single functional ER localization probe, the other is a multi-functional ER probe, which has multiple functions of locating and detecting active species in ER, the morphology and environment of ER. In this article, the structure, function and biological application of ER fluorescent probes in recent years are summarized and reviewed. Various localization mechanisms of ER fluorescent probes are described. The development trend of ER fluorescent probes in life science research is prospected.
Key words: endoplasmic reticulum, fluorescent probe, targetable localization, multi-functional probe
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