摘要:氨(NH3)挥发对生态系统和人体健康都带来负面影响, 其中农畜牧业占NH3挥发总量的90%左右, 农牧业NH3挥发也意味着氮肥流失, 给农民带来经济负担。本文梳理了国家重点研发专项“农畜牧业氨排放污染高效控制技术”项目中课题4“农牧业氨排放清单编制及减排评估技术研究”的主要内容, 重点介绍农畜牧业动态高精度氨排放清单编制的主要研究进展。本课题构建了农田NH3挥发基础参数集和农事活动数据集, 以及畜禽养殖全链条NH3挥发的特征参数集和养殖活动数据集, 完成了2017年全国2853个县(市) 1 km空间分辨率农田氮肥和畜禽养殖氨排放清单。中国2017年农田氮肥NH3排放量为3.6 Tg, 南方排放强度高于北方; 畜牧业NH3排放量为5.0 Tg, 其中室内圈舍和粪肥农田施用阶段NH3排放较高。华北和华南地区为主要的排放热点区, 排放季节集中在春季和初夏。通过基于高分辨率农事活动数据的排放清单, 进而应用GEOS-Chem大气化学模型评估各种减排情景带来的空气质量改变, 指导精准减排和示范, 同时对全国不同区域农业NH3排放特征识别和本地化、精细化农牧业管理提供参考。
关键词:氨挥发/
畜牧业/
氮肥/
排放清单/
减排情景
Abstract:Ammonia (NH3) volatilization has negative impacts on ecosystem and human health and NH3 emission from cropland and livestock accounts for approximately 90% of the total NH3 emission, which also indicates nitrogen fertilizer loss and brings economic burden to farmers. We presented the main contents of topic 4 ‘Research on Ammonia Emission Inventory Compilation and Reduction Assessment for Cropland and Livestock Production’ in National Key Research and Development Program ‘High Efficiency Control Technology for Ammonia Emission Pollution from Cropland and Livestock Production’ and mainly focused on the latest progress of dynamic high-resolution ammonia emission inventory for cropland and livestock. This project developed the basic characteristic parameters and agricultural activity data set of both cropland and livestock production, then compiled the 1 km-resolution cropland nitrogen fertilizer and livestock NH3 emission inventory of 2853 cities at county level in 2017. The NH3 emission of cropland nitrogen fertilizer in China was 3.6 Tg of which the emission intensity in South China was higher than that in the North China. The total NH3 emission inventory of livestock was 5.0 Tg of which the NH3 emission in housing and manure spreading stage was higher. The North China Plain and Guangdong are the main emission hotspots and the emission peak was concentrated in spring and early summer. The GEOS-Chem atmospheric chemistry model was used to evaluate the air quality changes caused by various emission reduction scenarios, to guide the emission reduction strategies in demonstration area as well as provide information to localized emission characteristics and the fine management of agriculture in different regions.
Key words:Ammonia emission/
Livestock/
Nitrogen fertilizer/
Emission inventory/
Emission scenarios
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