摘要
摘要:华北平原是我国重要的粮食生产基地，长期集约化的冬小麦-夏玉米种植导致氮肥施用过量、地下水超采及碳排放增加等生态环境问题日益突出。因此，调整现有种植结构，构建资源节约型种植制度对缓解该区域生态环境问题具有重要意义。为明确新型春绿豆-夏玉米模式的可行性，本研究基于大田试验和生命周期评价方法（life cycle assessment，LCA），定量评估了春绿豆-夏玉米模式与冬小麦-夏玉米模式的产量、经济效益、碳排放和碳足迹。结果表明，春绿豆-夏玉米模式中绿豆与玉米的产量分别为1 760.1 kg·hm^-2和8 775.8 kg·hm^-2，当量产量（换算为玉米产量）为18 833.4 kg·hm^-2，比冬小麦-夏玉米模式低20.4%（P < 0.05）；周年净收入为27 085 ￥·hm^-2（包括每年7 500 ￥·hm^-2的冬季休耕补贴），比冬小麦-夏玉米模式高20.2%；周年碳排放为4 642.1 kg（CO₂-eq）·hm^-2，比冬小麦-夏玉米模式低36.1%；单位产值碳足迹为0.17 kg（CO₂-eq）·￥^-1，比冬小麦-夏玉米模式低48.5%（P < 0.01）。综合来看，在华北平原引入春绿豆-夏玉米模式部分替代传统冬小麦-夏玉米模式，能够改善种植结构，同时提高农民收入、降低农业生产系统碳排放和碳足迹。
关键词:春绿豆-夏玉米/
冬小麦-夏玉米/
经济当量产量/
碳排放/
碳足迹/
生命周期评价
Abstract:The North China Plain is an area of major grain production in China. The intensive winter wheat-summer maize cropping system has led to increasingly excessive nitrogen fertilization, over-exploitation of groundwater, and increased carbon emissions. Therefore, adjusting the existed planting structure and constructing a resource-saving planting system is critical to alleviate the ecological problems of the region. Here, the yield, economic benefits, carbon emissions, and carbon footprint were evaluated between spring mung bean-summer maize (MM) and winter wheat-summer maize (WM) cropping systems based on a field experiment and life cycle assessment (LCA). The yields of mung bean and maize were 1 760.1 kg·hm^-2 and 8 775.8 kg·hm^-2 under the MM treatment, respectively. The annual economic equivalent yield and annual net income of the MM treatment were 18 833.4 kg·hm^-2 and 27 085 ￥·hm^-2, respectively, which were 20.4% lower (P < 0.05) and 20.2% higher than those under the WM treatment, respectively. The annual carbon emission from the MM treatment was 4 642.1 kg(CO₂-eq)·hm^-2, which was 36.1% lower than that from the WM. Additionally, the carbon footprint per unit of economic benefit of the MM treatment was 0.17 kg(CO₂-eq)·￥^-1, 48.5% lower (P < 0.01) than that of WM. Therefore, the introduction of MM systems to replace some WM systems could potentially increase the net income of farmers, as well as reduce carbon emissions and carbon footprint.
Key words:Spring mung bean-summer maize/
Winter wheat-summer maize/
Economic equivalent yield/
Carbon emission/
Carbon footprint/
Life cycle assessment



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