摘要
摘要:近年来设施辣椒连作障碍日益突出，其中氮肥的大量不合理施用和高残留是限制辣椒高产、优质栽培的主要因素之一。研究土著丛枝菌根真菌（arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi，AMF）与间作体系强化蔬菜对不同形态氮（N）的利用并结合土壤菌丝密度、N形态及酶活性的反馈作用，可为设施土壤N素的高效利用和降低土壤N残留提供依据。本研究采用盆栽试验，设置辣椒||菜豆间作和各自单作种植模式，不同AMF处理[不接种（NM）、接种土著AMF]和不同形态N处理[不施N（N0）、无机氮（碳酸氢铵120 mg·kg^-1，ION）和有机氮（谷氨酰胺120 mg·kg^-1，ON）]，探讨了设施条件下接种土著AMF、施用不同形态N与间作对辣椒、菜豆根围土壤菌根建成、酶活性及N利用的影响。结果表明，与NM相比，接种土著AMF使设施辣椒、菜豆植株生物量及N吸收量显著增加（除菜豆单作-ON处理），显著降低土壤NH₄⁺-N、NO₃^--N含量。无论施用何种形态N，均显著增加辣椒、菜豆植株生物量（除菜豆单作-AMF处理）及N吸收量，表现为ON>ION。与单作-ON-AMF处理相比，间作-ON-AMF处理下的辣椒N吸收量显著增加39.9%、菜豆N吸收量显著增加93.0%。对N利用影响因子的分析结果表明，间作协同接种土著AMF较大程度上增加了土壤有机质含量及蛋白酶、脲酶、硝酸还原酶活性。相关性分析显示，辣椒、菜豆植株N吸收量与AMF侵染率呈极显著正相关关系，而土壤NH₄⁺-N和NO₃^--N含量则与AMF侵染率呈现一定的负相关关系。此外，土壤蛋白酶、脲酶和硝酸还原酶活性与辣椒、菜豆植株N吸收量呈正相关关系。可见，所有复合处理中，以间作体系接种土著AMF与施用适量有机氮的组合明显促进了设施辣椒、菜豆生长和N素利用。
Abstract:In recent years, continuous cropping of peppers and unreasonable application of high-residue nitrogen (N) fertilizer have been the main factors preventing high yields and high-quality cultivation of peppers. A study of indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and intercropping to enhance the utilization of different forms of N by vegetables, combined with the feedback effect of soil hypha density, available N nutrients, and enzymes may provide a basis for efficient utilization of N in protected culturing soil and reduced soil N residues. A pot experiment with different planting options (pepper-common bean intercropping, pepper monocropping, and common bean monocropping), different AMF treatments[no AMF (NM), and indigenous AMF inoculation] and different forms of N treatments[no N, inorganic N (ammonium bicarbonate, 120 mg·kg^-1, ION), and organic N (glutamine, 120 mg·kg^-1, ON)] was conducted to reveal the effects of indigenous AMF, N form, and pepper-common bean intercropping on mycorrhizal colonization, soil enzyme activity, and N utilization by plants under greenhouse conditions. The results showed that, compared with NM treatment, inoculation of indigenous AMF significantly increased plant biomass and N uptake of peppers and common beans, except in the case of common bean monocropping-ON treatment, and decreased the contents of NH₄⁺-N and NO₃^--N in rhizosphere soil. Whether inoculated with AMF or not, N application increased plant biomass and N uptake of peppers and common beans, with the order of ON > ION, except common bean monocropping-AMF treatment. In comparison with monocropping-ON-AMF treatment, intercropping-ON-AMF treatment increased the N uptake of peppers and common beans significantly by 39.9% and 93.0%, respectively. Intercropping and inoculating with indigenous AMF increased protease, urease, and nitrate reductase activities and organic matter content in rhizosphere soils to different extents. Correlation analysis showed that N uptake in peppers and common beans was significantly positively correlated with mycorrhizal colonization percentage, while soil NH₄⁺-N and NO₃^--N contents were significantly negatively correlated with mycorrhizal colonization percentage. In addition, the activities of soil protease, urease, and nitrate reductase were positively correlated with N uptake of peppers and common beans. Our results indicated that pepper-common bean intercropping combined with inoculation by indigenous AMF and application of an appropriate quantity of organic N significantly promoted pepper and common bean growth and N utilization in protected cultures.



PDF全文下载地址:

http://www.ecoagri.ac.cn/article/exportPdf?id=1bb0c87a-5bd8-49cc-910c-cebee987a373