摘要:干旱绿洲灌区玉米生产普遍采用全膜覆盖方式，残膜污染问题严重。因此，研究地膜减投增效生产技术对缓解残膜污染有重要意义。在甘肃河西石羊河流域通过田间试验研究了不同覆膜方式（全膜覆盖、半膜覆盖）和不同种植行距（50 cm等行距、40 cm+80 cm宽窄行）对玉米产量、耗水量、耗水结构及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明，全膜宽窄行和半膜宽窄行种植条件下均可获得较高的玉米籽粒产量，分别达14 712.7 kg·hm-2和14 155.2 kg·hm-2，较半膜覆盖等行距处理高13.2%和8.9%（P < 0.05），与全膜覆盖等行距处理差异不显著。全膜宽窄行和半膜宽窄行获得较高籽粒产量的原因是提高了穗数和双穗率。全膜覆盖条件下宽窄行种植获得较高LAI峰值的同时，玉米全生育期平均LAI显著高于半膜覆盖处理。全膜覆盖显著降低了玉米生长前期（播种至大喇叭口期）的棵间蒸发量。半膜覆盖等行距和宽窄行种植玉米全生育期棵间蒸发量分别较全膜等行距种植高14.3%和21.9%，差异显著。半膜覆盖宽窄行种植条件下玉米水分利用效率达19.3 kg·mm-1·hm-2，与全膜覆盖等行距和宽窄行处理均无显著差异。干旱绿洲灌区半膜覆盖宽窄行种植替代全膜等行距种植或宽窄行不会导致玉米产量和水分利用效率降低。
关键词:绿洲灌区/
玉米产量/
水分利用/
地膜覆盖方式/
行距
Abstract:Full plastic film mulching is widely used in maize production in the Arid Oasis Irrigation area of Northwest China. The problem of residual plastic film pollution is of great concern, therefore it is important to study the cultivation techniques of the area in order to reduce pollution by plastic film. The effects of different film mulching patterns (full-film, half-film mulching) coupled with different row spacing (50 cm uniform row spacing and 40 cm + 80 cm paired row spacing) were used to test the yield, water consumption, water consumption structure, and water use efficiency of maize at the Shiyang River Basin in Hexi, Gansu. The results showed that high grain yield was obtained from the paired row spacing of full-film or half-film mulching conditions, which reached 14 712.7 and 14 155.2 kg·hm-2, and they were 13.2% and 8.9% higher than that of the half-film mulching, respectively (P < 0.05). However, these were not significantly different from the uniform row spacing of full-film. This was due to the significant increase in spike number and the double-ear rate by planting in paired row spacing. Under the condition of full film mulching, the peak value of the leaf area index (LAI) was obtained by paired row space planting, with the average LAI of the maize during the whole growth period being significantly higher than that of half-film mulched treatment. The amount of evaporation at the early growth stage of maize decreased significantly under full-film mulching than under half-film mulching. The total amount of evaporation under half-film mulching with uniform and paired row spacing were 177.2 and 189.0 mm, respectively. And these were 14.3% and 21.9% respectively, significantly higher than that of full-film mulching with uniform row spacing. The water use efficiency of maize was 19.3 kg·mm-1·hm-2 under the conditions of half-film with paired row spacing, which was not significantly different from that of the full-film mulching. These results indicate that half-film mulching with paired row spacing instead of full-film mulching with uniform or paired row spacing will not lead to a decrease in the grain yield and water use efficiency of maize in the Arid Oasis Irrigation area of Northwest China.
Key words:Oasis irrigation area/
Maize yield/
Water use/
Plastic film mulching pattern/
Row spacing
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