摘要:土地利用/土地覆被变化（LUCC）影响下的碳排放充分体现人类活动对生态环境的扰动程度，由此切入的碳收支与补偿研究对区域低碳经济与平衡发展具有重要意义。本文以2005年和2015年四川省土地利用数据为基础，参考IPCC假定构建碳排放模型，借助GIS平台运用数学模型对四川省5个主体功能区碳排放及碳补偿率进行测度与分析，采用造林成本法和碳税率法对生态补偿标准进行测算。结果表明：1）研究期内四川省各主体功能区土地利用与主体功能区规划相符并按其功能定位优化发展。重点开发区域耕地占绝对优势，建设用地面积的总量和增量最大；重点生态功能区林地、草地占比最大。2）研究期内各主体功能区的总碳排放量大幅度增加。重点开发区域碳源量、总碳排放量及其增量均居首位；重点生态功能区碳吸收的能力减弱。3）各主体功能区建设用地碳排放强度远大于总碳排放强度，研究期内各主体功能区总碳排放强度均增加，建设用地碳排放强度则有增有减。国家层面重点开发区域总碳排放强度最大，建设用地碳排放强度很小。4）生态发展区碳补偿率高，经济发达区低。国家层面限制开发区域（重点生态功能区）碳吸收补偿系数最高。5）碳源区应对作为碳汇区的甘孜藏族自治州按固碳价格进行生态补偿。碳排放量与各主体功能区功能定位高度相关，生态补偿标准大致从成都平原向四周递减，限制开发区域生态补偿标准偏低。基于碳排放的生态补偿标准建立横向财政转移支付政策，有利于四川省节能减排和平衡发展。
关键词:土地利用/土地覆被变化/
主体功能区/
碳排放/
碳源区/
碳汇区/
碳补偿率/
生态补偿
Abstract:Carbon emissions under land use/cover change (LUCC) reflect the disturbance degree of environment by human activities. Therefore, carbon budget and compensation research was of great significance to regional low-carbon economy and balanced development. Based on land use data for Sichuan Province in 2005 and 2015, this paper built a new local land use classification system and carbon emission model to quantitatively analyze carbon emission and carbon offset rate of land use in 183 counties in Sichuan Province. Taking into account regional differences at county level and breaking traditional administrative regional boundaries, the study based on the five main functional areas of Sichuan Province to measure ecological compensation standards with afforestation cost and carbon tax rate methods. The results showed that:1) during the study period, land use in each main functional area in Sichuan Province was consistent with the main functional area planning and was optimized according to the functional orientation. Cultivated lands in the key development area had absolute advantage, while the total amount and increase in construction land area was the largest. Otherwise, cultivated land holding capacity in the main agricultural production area remained the strongest. Woodland and grassland accounted for 70%-80% in the key ecological function areas. 2) During the study period, total carbon emission in each main functional area increased significantly, and the construction land was the main carbon source, and forest land was the main carbon sink. Total carbon emissions and increments in the key development area ranked first, with carbon sinks in the key ecological functional area accounting for 63% of Sichuan Province, although the ability to absorb carbon gradually weakened. 3) Carbon emission intensity of construction land of each main functional area was much greater than total carbon emission intensity. Total carbon emission intensity of each main functional area increased during the investigated period, but carbon emission intensity of construction land showed increased or decreased. Total carbon emission intensity of the key development area at national level was largest, while that of construction land was smallest. 4) The rate of carbon compensation in the ecological development areas was high, with economic development area having the reverse trend. The compensation coefficient of carbon absorption was highest for the restricted development area at national level (key ecological function area). 5) Carbon source area provided ecological compensation for carbon sink area based on the scope of ecological compensation. Ecological compensation standard for Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, which was a carbon sink area, was 5.82 billion to 20.56 billion Yuan. It indicated that carbon emission was correlated with functional location of each functional area. Ecological compensation standard generally decreased from Chengdu Plain to the surrounding areas, and ecological compensation standard of the restricted development areas were relatively low. On the basis of the ecological compensation standard for carbon emissions, a horizontal fiscal transfer payment policy was established as reference basis for energy conservation, emission reduction and balanced development of Sichuan Province.
Key words:Land use/cover change/
Main functional area/
Carbon emission/
Carbon sources area/
Carbon sink area/
Carbon offset rate/
Ecological compensation
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