青藏高原河网统计规律及高原抬升的影响

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清华大学辅仁网/2017-07-07

青藏高原河网统计规律及高原抬升的影响

刘乐¹, 王兆印¹, 余国安², 栗腾³

1. 清华大学水沙科学与水利水电工程国家重点实验室, 北京 100084;
2. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所, 北京 100101;
3. 汉能控股集团有限公司, 北京 100107

Statistical features of the drainage network in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the effect of the uplift

LIU Le¹, WANG Zhaoyin¹, YU Guoan², LI Teng³

1. State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
2. Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
3. Hanergy Holding Group Limited, Beijing 100107, China

摘要:

输出: BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)

摘要晚新生代以来青藏高原的持续抬升对高原的地形地貌甚至河流网络产生了极大的影响, 使得高原河流网络显现不同于其它地区的特色。为揭示青藏高原河网的发育规律和研究高原抬升对河流网络及地形地貌的影响, 该文基于数字高程模型分析技术, 从航天飞机雷达地形测绘使命(SRTM)数据中系统提取了青藏高原雅鲁藏布、金沙江、雅砻江、澜沧江、怒江和黄河上游这6条大河的河流网络, 分析其典型河网参数, 如河网分支比、长度比、面积比及坡降比等。通过与Horton定律描述的一般性河流网络进行对比分析, 结果表明: 河网在高原内部的1到6级河流很好地符合一般性河网的规律, 而处在高原边缘的最高级河流较大地偏离Horton定律, 高原边缘的差异抬升和断裂构造是影响河网发育的主要因素。

关键词 ：河流网络,青藏高原,Horton定律,分支比

Abstract：The continued uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau since the Late Cenozoic Era has not only tremendously influenced the plateau topography, but has also resulted in unique river networks in this area. The features of the stream networks and the influence of the plateau uplift on the river morphology were studied by measuring the number of streams, stream lengths, slopes and areas of the drainage basins for the Yalutsangpo, Jinsha, Yalong, Lancang, Nujiang, and upper Yellow River from shuttle radar topography mission (SRTM) data. The networks of the 6 rivers were mapped and analyzed by comparisons with the Horton Laws. The networks are represented by the Horton Laws for the streams from the first to sixth orders but deviate dramatically at the highest order. The results show that the plateau uplift is uniform in the inner part but the very different uplift speed at the plateau edge disrupts the stream networks.

Key words：stream network Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Horton Law bifurcation ratio

收稿日期: 2013-02-02 出版日期: 2015-11-09

ZTFLH:

TV147+.1

通讯作者:王兆印, 教授。E-mail: zywang@mail.tsinghua.edu.cnE-mail: zywang@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn

引用本文:

刘乐, 王兆印, 余国安, 栗腾. 青藏高原河网统计规律及高原抬升的影响[J]. 清华大学学报（自然科学版）, 2015, 55(9): 964-970.
LIU Le, WANG Zhaoyin, YU Guoan, LI Teng. Statistical features of the drainage network in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the effect of the uplift. Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology), 2015, 55(9): 964-970.

链接本文:

http://jst.tsinghuajournals.com/CN/或 http://jst.tsinghuajournals.com/CN/Y2015/V55/I9/964

图表:

图1　青藏高原6条大河流域图

图2　伪洼地处理流程示意图

图3　伪洼地处理效果对比(雅鲁藏布流域西南边界)

图4　青藏高原6条大河水系不同级别河流的数量N 与河流级别Ω 的关系

图5　青藏高原6条大河水系不同级别河流的平均长度L 与河流级别Ω 的关系

图6　青藏高原6条大河水系不同级别河流的平均面积A 与河流级别Ω 的关系

图7　青藏高原6条大河河网分支比R_B 随河流级别Ω 的变化

表1　金沙江、澜沧江、怒江的最高三级河流数目N 及分支比R_B

图8　青藏高原6条大河水系平均河床坡降S 和级别Ω 的关系

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