1. 中国能源建设集团浙江省电力设计院有限公司, 杭州 310012;
2. 中国联合工程公司, 杭州 310052;
3. 中国计量大学计量测试工程学院, 杭州 310018;
4. 浙江大学 热能工程研究所 能源清洁利用国家重点实验室, 杭州 310027
收稿日期: 2017-09-20; 修回日期: 2017-10-19; 录用日期: 2017-10-19
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(No.51476138)
作者简介: 俞明锋(1989-), 男, 工程师(博士), E-mail:zjuyumingfeng@zju.edu.cn
通讯作者(责任作者): 詹明秀, E-mail:zhanmingixu@zju.edu.cn
摘要: 研究了某市10座生活垃圾焚烧炉烟气中二英的排放特性,对比了焚烧炉炉型、焚烧处理量、烟气净化系统对二英排放特性的影响.结果表明:10座生活垃圾焚烧炉二英的排放浓度为0.016~0.104 ng·Nm-3(以I-TEQ计),9座垃圾焚烧炉二英排放满足国家相应的排放标准(0.1 ng·Nm-3(以I-TEQ计)).根据二英排放浓度排序对应的烟气净化系统分别为SNCR(Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction)+半干法+活性炭喷射+布袋 < 湿法+活性炭喷射+布袋 < 半干法+活性炭喷射+布袋,表明安装SNCR装置有利于二英的减排.另外,不同垃圾焚烧炉排放的二英指纹特性不仅与烟气净化系统和炉型有关,还与垃圾来源有一定关联.
关键词:炉排炉流化床二英烟气净化系统
The research of PCDD/Fs emission characteristics in flue gas from municipal solid waste incinerations
YU Mingfeng1, FU Jianying2, ZHAN Mingxiu3 , LIN Xiaoqing4, CHEN Tong4
1. China Energy Engineering Group Zhejiang Electric Power Design Institute Co. LTD, Hangzhou 310012;
2. China United Engineering Corporation, Hangzhou 310052;
3. College of Metrology and Measurement Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018;
4. State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027
Received 20 September 2017; received in revised from 19 October 2017; accepted 19 October 2017
Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51476138)
Biography: YU Mingfeng(1989—), male, engineer(Ph.D.), E-mail:zjuyumingfeng@zju.edu.cn
*Corresponding author: ZHAN Mingxiu, E-mail:zhanmingixu@zju.edu.cn
Abstract: In this paper, the dioxin emission characteristics in flue gas from 10 Municipal Solid Waste Incinerators (MSWIs) in a city were studied. Furthermore, the effects of incinerator types, incineration capacity and flue gas cleaning system on dioxin emission characteristics were compared. The results show that the range of PCDD/Fs emission in flue gas of 10 MSWIs is 0.016~0.104 ng·Nm-3(as I-TEQ), and 9 incinerators reach the national emission standard (0.1 ng·Nm-3(as I-TEQ)). The types of flue gas cleaning system can be sorted by the emission concentration of dioxin:selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) system+semi-dry desulfurization+activated carbon spraying+bag filter < wet desulfurization + activated carbon spraying+bag filter < semi-dry desulfurization+activated carbon spraying+bag filter. SNCR technology is beneficial to dioxin emission reduction. In addition, the dioxin congeners distribution in the flue gas of different incinerators isn't only influenced by the flue gas cleaning system and boiler types, but also related to the sources of waste.
Key words: grate boilerfluidized beddioxinflue gas cleaning system
1 引言(Introduction)1977年, 荷兰科学家Olie等(1977)在垃圾焚烧飞灰中首次检测到了二
图 1(Fig. 1)
图 1 PCDD/Fs结构图 Fig. 1Structures of PCDD/Fs |
刘劲松等(2010)调研了2座垃圾焚烧炉, 发现其烟气二
为严格控制垃圾焚烧烟气中二
2 现场监测及分析方法(Field monitoring and analysis method)2.1 样品采集对焚烧炉现场数据进行采集分析, 选择炉排炉、流化床共10座焚烧炉进行烟气样品采集, 分别记为A、B、C、D、E、F、G、H、I、J.所有焚烧炉日处理量及烟气净化系统如表 1所示, 所有采样工况均在焚烧炉正常稳定运行条件下进行.采样过程中使用等动力污染源采样仪, 每个排放源在废气排气筒排口设置采样点一处, 采用等动力模式从烟气流中取样, 每个采样断面实际采样3次.采样装置包含玻璃纤维滤筒, 用于捕集烟尘中的二
表 1(Table 1)
表 1 10座垃圾焚烧炉日处理量及烟气净化系统 Table 1 The disposal capacity and flue gas treatment system of 10 MSWIs | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
表 1 10座垃圾焚烧炉日处理量及烟气净化系统 Table 1 The disposal capacity and flue gas treatment system of 10 MSWIs
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2.2 烟气样品的预处理将烟气样品进行干燥转移后, 依照美国环境保护局(USEPA)修订版方法1613对样品进行净化.样品预处理步骤如图 2所示:在样品中加入13C索提标, 放入已用甲苯索提清洗(12 h)的索提器, 索氏提取16 h, 二
图 2(Fig. 2)
图 2 烟气样品预处理步骤 Fig. 2The pretreatment processes of flue gas sample |
2.3 质量保证仪器分析开始前需进行质量校正.注入全氟煤油, 响应稳定后, 进行仪器调谐与质量校正后分析试样.每12 h对分辨率及质量校正进行验证, 不符合要求时应重新进行调谐及质量校正.完成测定后, 取得各监测离子的色谱图, 确认全氟煤油峰离子丰度差异 < 20%, 检查是否存在干扰及2, 3, 7, 8-位有氯取代的二
3 结果与讨论(Results and discussion)3.1 垃圾焚烧炉二
图 3(Fig. 3)
图 3 10座生活垃圾焚烧炉烟气中二 |
3.2 炉排炉和流化床炉二
两座循环流化床焚烧炉和两座炉排炉烟气中2、3、7、8位氯取代PCDD/Fs的浓度分布如图 4所示.不同的垃圾焚烧处置条件对烟气中二
图 4(Fig. 4)
图 4 流化床炉(a)和炉排炉(b)烟气中17种有毒二 |
3.3 不同容量垃圾焚烧炉二
本文对比分析了2种容量的焚烧炉排放的二
图 5(Fig. 5)
图 5 不同容量垃圾焚烧炉二 |
3.4 不同烟气净化装置对二
图 6(Fig. 6)
图 6 炉排炉不同烟气净化系统二 |
炉排炉G和H烟气中17种有毒二
图 7(Fig. 7)
图 7 焚烧炉安装SNCR系统时烟气中二 |
对比10座垃圾焚烧炉烟气中二
4 结论(Conclusions)1) 10座生活垃圾焚烧炉二
2) 10座生活垃圾焚烧炉中17种有毒二
3) 根据二
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