刘洁^1,2,3,,
陈杰^1,2,3,
李顺奇^1,2,3,
王璐瑶^1,2,3,
魏世强^1,2,3
1.西南大学资源环境学院，重庆 400716
2.重庆市农业资源与环境研究重点实验室，重庆 400716
3.三峡库区生态环境教育部重点实验室，重庆 400716
基金项目: 重庆市科学技术委员会重点研发计划项目（cstc2017shms-zdyf0036）
国家自然科学基金资助项目（41771347）

Optimization of Pb stabilizing conditions and its phosphorus leaching risk assessment by several phosphorus-containing materials in purple soil

LIU Jie^1,2,3,,
CHEN Jie^1,2,3,
LI Shunqi^1,2,3,
WANG Luyao^1,2,3,
WEI Shiqiang^1,2,3
1.College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
2.Chongqing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Chongqing 400716, China
3.Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400716, China

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摘要:以西南地区广泛分布的紫色土-灰棕紫泥为对象，探讨了磷酸二氢钾(MPP)、过磷酸钙(SSP)、钙镁磷肥(CMP)和磷矿粉（PR）4种含磷材料，在不同剂量下对不同程度Pb污染土壤的稳定化效果，并对其长期稳定性和P淋失的环境风险进行了研究。结果表明4种含磷材料对土壤Pb均具有显著稳定化效果。在P:Pb（摩尔比）为1时，稳定效率相对大小顺序：MPP > SSP ≥ CMP > PR。当Pb污染浓度-1时，4种稳定剂均能实现土壤Pb的稳定化。当Pb浓度≥1 200 mg·kg-1时，MPP依然保持高效的稳定化能力，但是PR对土壤稳定化不能满足浸出标准。固定Pb污染浓度为1 200 mg·kg-1，含磷材料稳定化Pb的效果受其剂量的影响。MPP在P:Pb为1时稳定化处理3 d即可达到浸出标准，SSP和CMP在P:Pb为1.5和2时稳定化处理30 d可达到浸出标准，PR在P:Pb为4时稳定化处理60 d基本达到浸出标准，增加稳定剂剂量能够显著提高对紫色土Pb的稳定速率。施用系列含磷材料稳定剂后，除SSP外均使土壤pH升高，且随着稳定时间的延长，土壤中可交换态（Exc-Pb）逐渐降低，残渣态（Res-Pb）所占比例逐渐升高。满足Pb浸出标准的处理在稳定化9个月内土壤中Pb浸出浓度始终维持在极低水平，并且土壤有效P也一直保持在土壤P淋失临界值以内，说明合理剂量和类型的含磷材料能满足持续稳定化和环境风险控制要求。
关键词: 含磷材料/
紫色土/
土壤Pb污染/
稳定化/
长期稳定性/
环境风险

Abstract:The effects of four phosphorus-containing materials (monopotassium phosphate, MPP; calcium superphosphate, SSP; calcium-magnesia phosphate, CMP; ground phosphate rock, PR) at different dosages on the stabilization of Pb-contaminated soil were studied, taking gray-purple soil, a widely distributed soil in southwest China, as the object, and its long-term stability and P leaching risk were investigated. The results showed that all four kinds of phosphorus-containing materials had significant stabilizing ability on Pb-polluted soil. Under the condition of P：Pb = 1：1 (molar ratio), their stable efficiencies followed an order of MPP > SSP ≥ CMP > PR. When soil Pb concentration was less than 600 mg·kg-1, all stabilizing agents could match the requirement of soil Pb stabilization. When the concentration of Pb was over 1 200 mg·kg-1, MPP still maintained high stabilization efficiency, while PR could not meet the leaching standard. At a fixed Pb pollution level of 1 200 mg·kg-1, the stabilizing efficiency increased with increase of the dosage of the stabilizing agent. MPP treatment with a P and Pb ratio of 1：1 could realize the leaching standard after 3 days stabilization, while a higher dosage of P：Pb ratios of 1.5 and 2 and a longer stabilization time of 30 days were needed for SSP and CMP, respectively. Moreover, a highest dosage of P：Pb ratios of 4 and a longest stabilizing time of 60 days was needed for PR. The soil pH all increased after stabilization except for SSP. The proportion of exchangeable Pb (Exc-Pb) gradually decreased and the residual Pb (Res-Pb) remarkably increased during the stabilizing process, and those of the Pb bound by carbonates (Carb-Pb) and ferromanganese oxides (FeMnOx-Pb) showed no obvious changes. All the four stabilizers at optimized conditions can meet the requirements of continuous stabilization and low risk for P leaching. After 9 months of stabilization, the Pb leaching concentration form stabilized soils remained at an extremely low level (far lower than leaching standard), and the available P in soil also remained within the P leaching threshold.
Key words:phosphorus-containing materials/
purple soil/
soil lead pollution/
stabilization/
long-term stability/
environmental risk.

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几种含磷材料对紫色土铅稳定条件优化及磷淋失环境风险评价

刘洁^1,2,3,,
陈杰^1,2,3,
李顺奇^1,2,3,
王璐瑶^1,2,3,
魏世强^1,2,3
1.西南大学资源环境学院，重庆 400716
2.重庆市农业资源与环境研究重点实验室，重庆 400716
3.三峡库区生态环境教育部重点实验室，重庆 400716
基金项目: 重庆市科学技术委员会重点研发计划项目（cstc2017shms-zdyf0036） 国家自然科学基金资助项目（41771347）
关键词: 含磷材料/
紫色土/
土壤Pb污染/
稳定化/
长期稳定性/
环境风险
摘要:以西南地区广泛分布的紫色土-灰棕紫泥为对象，探讨了磷酸二氢钾(MPP)、过磷酸钙(SSP)、钙镁磷肥(CMP)和磷矿粉（PR）4种含磷材料，在不同剂量下对不同程度Pb污染土壤的稳定化效果，并对其长期稳定性和P淋失的环境风险进行了研究。结果表明4种含磷材料对土壤Pb均具有显著稳定化效果。在P:Pb（摩尔比）为1时，稳定效率相对大小顺序：MPP > SSP ≥ CMP > PR。当Pb污染浓度-1时，4种稳定剂均能实现土壤Pb的稳定化。当Pb浓度≥1 200 mg·kg-1时，MPP依然保持高效的稳定化能力，但是PR对土壤稳定化不能满足浸出标准。固定Pb污染浓度为1 200 mg·kg-1，含磷材料稳定化Pb的效果受其剂量的影响。MPP在P:Pb为1时稳定化处理3 d即可达到浸出标准，SSP和CMP在P:Pb为1.5和2时稳定化处理30 d可达到浸出标准，PR在P:Pb为4时稳定化处理60 d基本达到浸出标准，增加稳定剂剂量能够显著提高对紫色土Pb的稳定速率。施用系列含磷材料稳定剂后，除SSP外均使土壤pH升高，且随着稳定时间的延长，土壤中可交换态（Exc-Pb）逐渐降低，残渣态（Res-Pb）所占比例逐渐升高。满足Pb浸出标准的处理在稳定化9个月内土壤中Pb浸出浓度始终维持在极低水平，并且土壤有效P也一直保持在土壤P淋失临界值以内，说明合理剂量和类型的含磷材料能满足持续稳定化和环境风险控制要求。

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