中文关键词微塑料城市河流河水沉积物组成分布 英文关键词microplasticsurban riversriver watersedimentscompositiondistribution

作者	单位	E-mail
胡嘉敏	清华大学环境学院, 环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室, 北京 100084	hjm18@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn
左剑恶	清华大学环境学院, 环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室, 北京 100084 清华大学深圳国际研究生院, 深圳 518055	jiane.zuo@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn
李頔	清华大学环境学院, 环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室, 北京 100084
谢珍雯	清华大学环境学院, 环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室, 北京 100084
陈磊	清华大学环境学院, 环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室, 北京 100084

中文摘要 微塑料已经被证实广泛存在于自然环境中，对生物和人类造成潜在危害，进行微塑料的赋存调研有助于了解城市河流河水和沉积物中微塑料的污染现状.以北京市北运河和怀河作为研究区域，共布设了8个水样点位和3个沉积物点位，研究并对比了北运河河水和沉积物以及怀河河水中微塑料丰度、粒径、颜色、形状和种类的组成与分布特征.结果表明，北运河河水中的微塑料丰度为（1941±201）~（8155±1781） n ·m^-3（n表示微塑料个数），平均丰度为4160 n ·m^-3；北运河沉积物中的微塑料丰度为（120±11）~（268±31） n ·kg^-1.怀河河水中的微塑料污染程度低于北运河河水，微塑料的平均丰度为2357 n ·m^-3.北运河上游河水和沉积物中微塑料的丰度高于下游，具有较明显的空间分布特征；怀河河水中的微塑料分布总体上无明显差异，但相距较远的两点位中微塑料的丰度之间具有显著差异.粒径、颜色和形状的分类统计结果显示，所有点位中微塑料的主要粒径区间为<300 μm；白色/透明微塑料（50.75%~83.91%）最为常见；碎片状（50.00%~95.08%）和纤维状（3.86%~30.00%）是微塑料的主要形态.聚氨酯（polyurethane，PU）和乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯（ethylene vinyl acetate，EVA）是所有点位的主要微塑料种类.北运河河水和沉积物中的微塑料可能主要来源于城市建设和经济发展，怀河河水中的微塑料可能主要受到周边村庄和居民日常生活的影响. 英文摘要 It has been confirmed that microplastics widely exist in the natural environment, causing potential harm to organisms and humans. An investigation into the occurrence of microplastics is helpful to understand the level of pollution of microplastics in urban rivers and sediments. In this study, eight sampling points of water samples and three of sediments samples were placed along the North Canal and Huaihe River in Beijing, to compare the composition and distribution characteristics of the abundance, particle size, color, shape, and species of microplastics. The results showed that the abundance of microplastics in the water and sediments of the North Canal were(1941±201)-(8155±1781) n·m^-3(n refers to the number of microplastics) and (120±11)-(268±31) n·kg^-1, respectively. The average abundance of microplastics in the water of the North Canal was 4160 n·m^-3. Compared with the North Canal, the pollution degree of microplastics in the Huaihe River was lower with an average abundance of 2357 n·m^-3. Furthermore, the abundance of microplastics in the water and sediments in the upper reaches of the North Canal was higher than that in the lower reaches. No significant difference of microplastics distribution was observed in the water of the Huaihe River on the whole; however, there was a marked difference in abundance between the two distant locations. The main particle size range of microplastics at all site points was<300 μm, and mostly white/transparent(50.75%-83.91%); the main shape were fragments(50.00%-95.08%) and fibers(3.86%-30.00%). Polyurethane(PU) and ethylene vinyl acetate(EVA) were two main plastic species found at all sites. Microplastics in the water and sediments of the North Canal might have originated from urban construction and development, while the surrounding villages might have only affected the abundance of microplastics in the Huaihe River.

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