中文关键词污水处理厂活性污泥16S rRNA微生物群落环境因素 英文关键词wastewater treatment plantsactivated sludge16S rRNAmicrobial communityenvironmental factors

作者	单位	E-mail
马切切	西安建筑科技大学陕西省环境重点实验室, 西安 710055	1259865310@qq.com
袁林江	西安建筑科技大学陕西省环境重点实验室, 西安 710055 西北水资源与环境生态教育部重点实验室, 西安 710055	yuanlinjiang@xauat.edu.cn
牛泽栋	西安建筑科技大学陕西省环境重点实验室, 西安 710055
赵杰	西安建筑科技大学陕西省环境重点实验室, 西安 710055
黄崇	西安建筑科技大学陕西省环境重点实验室, 西安 710055

中文摘要 对已发表的62个来自国内外污废水处理设施中活性污泥的16S rRNA扩增子数据进行数据发掘和分析，旨在揭示不同进水性质、温度及处理工艺对应的污泥菌群结构特性.结果表明，活性污泥中整体有着较高的物种多样性和群落丰富度，不同活性污泥样品微生物群落结构有一定差异，样品中常见的优势菌属有Thauera、Nitrospira、Comamonas、Dechloromonas、Rhodoferax、Aquihabitans 和Acidovorax等.温度与Nitrospira、Aquihabitans、Terrimonas和Dechloromona等多种关键的脱氮微生物呈负相关，当温度低于15℃时，32座污水处理厂对TN和NH₄⁺-N的去除率仅有49.67%和63.19%.BOD₅/COD值越大的污水处理系统，Zoogloea、Arcobacter、Acidovorax和Acinetobacter等优势功能性菌属相对丰度也越高，污染物的去除率也越高.对于生活污水的处理，A²O工艺性能要优于OD、CAS和CMAS工艺，Comamonas、Rhodoferax、Nitrospira和Novosphingobium等多种功能性优势菌属的相对丰度要高于其它3类工艺. 英文摘要 By mining and analyzing the published 16S rRNA amplification data of activated-sludge from 32 sewage and waste-water treatment facilities, at home and abroad, this study examines the microbial structure of sludge and its response to inflow water quality, temperature, and treatment type. Activated sludge generally shows high species diversity and community richness. Many activated sludge samples contain different microbial community structures. In these samples, the dominant bacteria included Thauera, Nitrospira, Comamonas, Dechloromonas, Rhodoferax, Aquihabitans, and Acidovorax. Temperature was negatively correlated with several key denitrifying microorganisms, such as Nitrospira, Aquihabitans, Terrimonas, and Dechloromona. When temperatures were lower than 15℃, the corresponding removal rates of TN and NH₄⁺-N in the 32 sewage treatment plants only reached 49.67% and 63.19%, respectively. With higher BOD₅/COD values, these sewage treatment systems exhibited improved biodegradability performances. With higher relative abundances of advantageous functional bacteria, such as Zoogloea, Arcobacter, Acidovorax, and Acinetobacter, pollutant-removal rates would increase accordingly. As for domestic-sewage treatments, the performance of the A²O process is superior to that of the OD, CAS, and CMAS processes. Additionally, the relative abundances of multiple functional dominant bacteria, including Comamonas, Rhodoferax, Nitrospira, and Novosphingobium, were significantly higher in sludge treated with the A²O process than in sludge treated with the other three processes.

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