中文关键词PM_2.5金属元素源解析健康风险评价城郊差异 英文关键词PM_2.5metal elementssource apportionmenthealth risk assessmentdifference between urban and suburban

作者	单位	E-mail
周安琪	北京师范大学地理科学学部, 北京 100875	201821051216@mail.bnu.edu.cn
刘建伟	北京师范大学地理科学学部, 北京 100875 河南农业大学资源与环境学院, 郑州 450046
周旭	北京师范大学地理科学学部, 北京 100875
毕思琪	北京师范大学地理科学学部, 北京 100875
张博晗	北京师范大学地理科学学部, 北京 100875
高越	北京师范大学地理科学学部, 北京 100875
曹红斌	北京师范大学地理科学学部, 北京 100875	caohongbin@bnu.edu.cn

中文摘要 为探究北京地区大气PM_2.5载带金属在城区和郊区污染特征、来源及其健康风险的差异，于2017年6~11月采集海淀和大兴两地的PM_2.5日样本，分析PM_2.5及其载带的13种金属浓度.利用PMF源解析方法对13种金属元素来源进行分析，并采用健康风险评价方法对其中9种金属的健康危害进行评估.结果表明，城区PM_2.5及Cr、Co、Mn和Ni等10种金属浓度与郊区均有显著差异（P<0.05）.源解析结果发现，城区和郊区均可解释为4个源，但来源略有不同，占比亦有差异.城区的为机动车源（51.2%）、燃煤来源（19.1%）、扬尘来源（19.3%）和燃油来源（10.4%）；郊区的为机动车源（47.9%）、燃煤来源（22.6%）、扬尘来源（20.2%）和电镀来源（9.3%）.健康风险评价结果表明，城郊各金属HQ值均小于1，均不存在非致癌风险.城区中Ni和Pb，郊区中Cd、Co、Ni和Pb可忽略致癌风险，而城区的As（2.77×10^-5）、Cd（2×10^-6）、Co（1.76×10^-6）和Cr（Ⅵ）（7.88×10^-6），郊区的As（8.34×10^-6）和Cr（Ⅵ）（4.94×10^-6）的R值介于10^-6与10^-4之间，具有一定的致癌风险. 英文摘要 To explore the differences in pollution characteristics, sources, and health risks of PM_2.5 carrier metals in urban and suburban areas in Beijing, daily PM_2.5 samples were collected from Haidian and Daxing from June to November 2017 and the concentration of PM_2.5 and 13 constituent metals were analyzed. The sources of these 13 metal elements were analyzed by positive matrix factorization (PMF), and the health hazards of a subset of 9 metals were evaluated using health risk assessment. The results showed that the concentrations of PM_2.5 and 10 metal concentrations in the urban area including Cr, Co, Mn, and Ni were significantly different from those in suburban areas (P<0.05). The source analysis results show four key sources, although their relative contributions vary slightly between urban and rural areas. In urban areas, the main sources are motor vehicles (51.2%), coal burning (19.1%), dust (19.3%), and fuel oil (10.4%); in the suburbs, sources are motor vehicles (47.9%), coal burning (22.6%), dust (20.2%), and electroplating (9.3%). The results of the health risk assessment showed that all metal HQ values in the suburbs were less than 1, and there was no non-carcinogenic risk. Ni and Pb in urban areas, and Cd, Co, Ni, and Pb in suburban areas, do not present a cancer risk, while the R values of As (2.77×10^-5), Cd (2×10^-6), Co (1.76×10^-6), and Cr(Ⅵ) (7.88×10^-6) in urban areas and As (8.34×10^-6) and Cr(Ⅵ) (4.94×10^-6) in suburban areas present some risk of cancer.

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