中文关键词室内灰尘重金属来源生态风险评价太原市 英文关键词indoor dustheavy metalsourcesecological risk assessmentTaiyuan City

作者	单位	E-mail
黄浩	山西大学黄土高原研究所, 太原 030006	15035649467@163.com
徐子琪	北京化工大学环境科学与工程系, 北京 100029
严俊霞	山西大学黄土高原研究所, 太原 030006	yjx422@sxu.edu.cn
赵秀阁	中国环境科学研究院环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室, 北京 100012
王丹璐	中国环境科学研究院环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室, 北京 100012

中文摘要 室内灰尘中的重金属元素会对人体造成不利影响.为了解采暖季太原市城乡居民区室内灰尘中重金属的污染特征，对太原市城区和农村居民区室内灰尘样品中11种重金属元素的含量水平进行分析，用地累积指数和污染载荷指数法评价室内灰尘中重金属的污染特征，用富集因子和主成分分析法探讨了重金属的来源，利用潜在生态危害指数对室内灰尘中的重金属的潜在生态风险进行了评价.结果表明：①除Co、Mn和V外，室内灰尘中Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、As、Zn和Hg含量均超过了山西省土壤背景值；Co、Cr、Cu、Mn、Ni和Hg含量在城乡之间存在显著差异（P<0.05）.②整体上室内灰尘中重金属表现为城区中度污染，农村轻度污染.城区居民区室内灰尘中Co、Mn和V未受到污染，As、Ni和Hg受到轻度污染，Cd、Cr、Cu、Pb和Zn为偏中度污染；农村室内灰尘中除Hg和V外，其余9种元素的污染程度都低于城区.③太原市城区和农村居民区室内灰尘中As、Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn和Hg含量主要受人为源的影响.城区主要来自于交通污染源和重工业污染源，而农村主要来自于燃煤和吸烟产生的烟尘和煤灰沉积；太原市城区和农村居民区室内灰尘中的Co、Cr、Mn、Ni和V含量主要受自然源的影响.④太原市城区和农村居民区室内灰尘重金属污染处于较高生态风险水平，综合生态风险指数分别为359.43和471.02，Cd和Hg贡献率最大. 英文摘要 The presence of heavy metals in indoor dust is a world-wide concern owing to its negative impact on humans. In this study, we collected indoor dust samples from urban and rural residential areas during the heating season in Taiyuan City. We then identified the concentrations of 11 heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Pb, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, V, As, and Hg) using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Based on the concentrations, we categorized the pollution levels of indoor dust using the geo-accumulation index and the pollution load index. We further identified the sources of heavy metals using the enrichment factor and principal component analysis. Finally, we evaluated the potential ecological risks of heavy metals via the potential ecological index. The results illustrated that ① with the exception of Co, Mn, and V, the mean concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, As, Zn, and Hg in indoor dust were higher than the soil background values of Shanxi Province. There was a significant difference (P<0.05) in the concentrations of Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, and Hg between the urban and rural areas. ② Overall, the pollution degree of heavy metals in indoor dust was identified as moderate in the urban area of Taiyuan City, but slight in the rural area. The indoor dust sample in the urban area was not contaminated by Co, Mn, and V. However, it was slightly polluted by As, Ni, and Hg. In addition, it was close to moderately polluted by Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn. In the rural area, the pollution degrees of all the metals, except for Hg and V, in indoor dust were lower than those in the urban area. ③ The As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, and Hg in indoor dust for both urban and rural areas might have mainly originated from anthropogenic sources. The pollution sources were mainly transportation and industry in the urban area and coal combustion and indoor smoking in the rural area. The Co, Cr, Mn, Ni, and V in indoor dust in Taiyuan City might have mainly originated from natural sources. ④ The ecological risk of heavy metal pollution in indoor dust for both the urban and rural areas of Taiyuan City was relatively high, with integrated ecological risk indexes of 359.43 and 471.02 in the urban and rural areas, respectively. In addition, Cd and Hg were the largest contributors.

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