中文关键词倒置A²/O氨氧化细菌克隆文库COD负荷低温 英文关键词inverted A²/Oammonia-oxidizing bacteriaclone libraryCOD loadlow temperature

作者	单位	E-mail
李金成	西安工程大学环境与化学工程学院, 西安 710048 中国科学院生态环境研究中心环境水质学国家重点实验室, 北京 100085	760077275@qq.com
郭雅妮	西安工程大学环境与化学工程学院, 西安 710048	guoyani2002@163.com
齐嵘	中国科学院生态环境研究中心环境水质学国家重点实验室, 北京 100085	qirong@rcees.ac.cn
杨敏	中国科学院生态环境研究中心环境水质学国家重点实验室, 北京 100085

中文摘要 对相同进水、平行运行的A²/O与倒置A²/O工艺的冬季氨氮（NH₄⁺-N）去除能力进行了全面解析.在运行水温为14℃时，倒置A²/O工艺表现出更低的NH₄⁺-N容积去除负荷［0.13 kg·（m³·d）^-1和0.29 kg·（m³·d）^-1］和氨氧化速率（AOR）［0.07 kg·（kg·d）^-1和0.11 kg·（kg·d）^-1］，而26℃时两个工艺则相差无几.两个平行工艺中的氨氧化菌（AOB）种群定量结果几乎始终相等（倒置A²/O工艺为3.2%±0.24%，A²/O工艺为3.4%±0.31%）.克隆文库分析的结果表明，造成低温时倒置A²/O工艺中具有较低氨氮去除能力的原因是其AOB优势种属为AOR较慢的慢生型（K-生长策略）亚硝化螺菌属（Nitrosospira），而在A²/O工艺中则为AOR较快的快生型（r-生长策略）亚硝化单胞菌属（Nitrosomonas）；而在26℃环境下两个工艺中的优势种属则均为Nitrosomonas.结合对污染物沿程去除过程的全面分析，发现尽管温度是决定AOB优势种属演替的首要原因，但由于倒置A²/O的工艺结构变化造成其好氧单元具有较高的COD负荷和高NH₄⁺-N浓度等不利于AOB生长的因素，决定了其可以在常规城市污水的条件下出现K-生长策略型的优势AOB种属.因此倒置A²/O针对异养菌（聚磷菌与反硝化菌）的工艺构造变化却通过COD负荷等间接影响到自养型氨氧化菌的种群分布与演替，并最终造成工艺在低温条件下硝化能力的减弱. 英文摘要 Ammonia nitrogen (NH₄⁺-N) removal capacities of the A²/O and inverted A²/O processes were analyzed with the same inlet and parallel operation during winter. When the operating water temperature was 14℃, the inverted A²/O process exhibited lower NH₄⁺-N removal from the volumetric load[0.13 kg ·(m³ ·d)^-1vs. 0.29 kg ·(m³ ·d)^-1] and a lower ammonia oxidation rate (AOR)[0.07 kg ·(kg ·d)^-1 vs. 0.11 kg ·(kg ·d)^-1] than the A²/O process, whereas the two processes exhibited similar performance at 26℃.The quantitative results for the ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) population were almost the same in the two parallel processes (3.2%±0.24% for the inverted A²/O process and 3.4%±0.31% for the A²/O process). Clone library analysis showed that at low temperatures, the inverted A²/O process had a lower capacity for ammonia nitrogen removal than A²/O process. This is because the particular AOB species[spirillum (Nitrosospira)] facilitated the slower AOR type (K-growth strategy) of nitrosation in the inverted A²/O process, whereas in the A²/O process, the faster AOR type (r-growth strategy) of nitrosation was facilitated by bacterium (Nitrosomonas). At 26℃, the dominant species in the two processes were Nitrosomonas. Through comprehensive analysis of the pollutants during the removal process, we found that although temperature is the leading cause of AOB advantage in species succession, the changes in the inverted A²/O process structure, caused by the aerobic unit, resulted in high COD load and high NH₄⁺-N concentration, which were unfavorable for the growth of AOB. This shows that under conventional sewage conditions, the K-growth strategy is advantageous for the AOB species. Therefore, the structure of the inverted A²/O process for heterotrophic bacteria (phosphorus accumulating bacteria and denitrifying bacteria) indirectly affects the population distribution and succession of autotrophic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, through COD load and other factors, thereby leading to weakened nitrification capacity at low temperatures.

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