中文摘要 镉（Cd）是最常见的土壤重金属污染物之一，对植物和人体具有毒害作用，研究不同施肥条件下的土壤微生物Cd抗性水平，可以为有机肥改良重金属污染提供一定的理论依据.为了探讨施无机肥和有机肥对于微生物Cd抗性水平的影响，在中国江苏常州、江西上高和福建福州水稻种植区采集了施有机肥（猪粪）和无机肥的土壤样品及猪粪样品，利用功能基因芯片（GeoChip 5.0）技术，研究了土壤微生物Cd抗性功能基因的响应及影响Cd抗性功能微生物群落互作的因素.结果表明，施有机肥土壤中有效态Cd含量[（1.08±0.70）mg·kg-1]显著低于施无机肥土壤[（3.75±1.22）mg·kg-1]（P<0.05）.土壤及猪粪样品中共检测到639个Cd抗性功能基因，施有机肥土壤中微生物Cd抗性基因丰度高于施无机肥土壤；有效态Cd含量、含水率、pH和铵态氮含量是影响Cd抗性微生物分布的重要环境因素.对Cd抗性微生物分子生态网络分析表明，施无机肥条件下，pH、含水率和有效态Cd含量是影响功能微生物潜在互作关系的主要因素；施有机肥条件下，主要影响因素是全钾和含水率.相比较无机肥，施用有机肥提高了土壤中微生物的Cd抗性水平及耐Cd微生物分子生态网络中的正相互作用. 英文摘要 Cadmium (Cd) is one of the commonly found heavy metal contaminants in soil and has a toxic effect on plants and humans. Understanding the Cd resistance of soil microorganisms under different fertilization regimes can provide a theoretical basis for controlling heavy metal pollution by organic fertilizers. In order to investigate the effects of inorganic and organic fertilizers on the Cd resistance level of soil microorganisms, paddy soil samples were taken in Changzhou, Shanggao, and Fuzhou. A functional gene array (GeoChip 5.0) was used to investigate the distribution of microbial Cd resistance genes. The results indicated that the content of available Cd in soil with organic fertilizer[(1.08±0.70) mg·kg-1] was significantly lower than that in soils with inorganic fertilizer[(3.75±1.22) mg·kg-1](P<0.05). A total of 639 Cd resistance genes were detected. The abundance of microbial Cd resistance gene in soil with organic fertilizer was higher than that of inorganic soil. The content of available Cd, moisture content, pH, and ammonium nitrogen were important environmental factors affecting the distribution of Cd resistant microorganisms. Analysis of the molecular ecological network of Cd resistant microorganisms showed that pH, moisture content, and the effective state of the Cd content were the main factors affecting the potential interaction of functional microorganisms with inorganic fertilizer, and the main factors were total potassium and moisture content with organic fertilizer. Compared with inorganic fertilizers, the application of organic fertilizers can improve the Cd resistance level of microorganisms in soil and promote positive relationships among Cd resistant soil microorganisms.
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