中文关键词生物炭秸秆土壤呼吸土壤微生物生物量碳氮固碳减排 英文关键词biocharwheat strawsoil respirationsoil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogencarbon sequestration and emission reduction

作者	单位	E-mail
何甜甜	河南农业大学烟草学院, 烟草行业烟草栽培重点实验室, 郑州 450002	htt0715@163.com
王静	河南农业大学烟草学院, 烟草行业烟草栽培重点实验室, 郑州 450002
符云鹏	河南农业大学烟草学院, 烟草行业烟草栽培重点实验室, 郑州 450002	ypfu01@163.com
符新妍	河南省烟草公司许昌市公司, 许昌 461000
刘天	河南农业大学烟草学院, 烟草行业烟草栽培重点实验室, 郑州 450002
李亚坤	河南农业大学烟草学院, 烟草行业烟草栽培重点实验室, 郑州 450002
李建华	河南省烟草公司许昌市公司, 许昌 461000

中文摘要 为探究土壤呼吸、土壤微生物生物量碳氮及水热因子对生物炭和秸秆添加的响应，采用LI-8100土壤碳通量测量仪（LI-COR，Lincoln，USA）测定了常规施肥（CK）、常规施肥+2.25t·hm^-2生物炭-C（T1）、常规施肥+2.25 t·hm^-2秸秆-C（T2）、常规施肥+1.125t·hm^-2生物炭-C+1.125 t·hm^-2秸秆-C（T3）这4种处理下土壤呼吸及微生物量的变化.结果表明：①添加生物炭和秸秆显著增加了土壤呼吸速率和CO₂总排放，T3增幅最大，T1增幅最小；T1对土壤呼吸的作用表现为烟草生育前期促进，后期抑制.②生物炭和秸秆还田均显著增加土壤微生物量碳氮以及功能菌菌落数，其中T1对固氮菌的提高作用显著，T2对真菌无显著影响，T3表现为正交互作用；土壤呼吸速率与土壤微生物量碳氮以及细菌、放线菌的数量显著正相关.③T3显著增加了5 cm土壤温度，增幅为4.53%.土壤呼吸速率与土壤温度表现出显著的指数相关性.综上所述，等碳量添加秸秆和生物炭显著提高土壤呼吸速率及微生物生物量，生物炭与秸秆的交互效应为正值；与添加秸秆相比，施用生物炭在一定程度上可以减少碳矿化，其固碳减排效应更好. 英文摘要 In order to investigate the response of soil respiration, soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, and hydrothermal factors to the addition of biochar and straw, we used an LI-8100 soil carbon flux meter (LI-COR, Lincoln, USA) to study changes in soil respiration and microbial biomass under four treatments:conventional fertilization (CK), conventional fertilization +2.25t·hm^-2 biochar-C (T1), conventional fertilizer +2.25t·hm^-2 straw-C (T2), and conventional fertilizer +2.25t·hm^-2 (biochar-C+straw-C), biochar-C:straw-C=1:1 (T3). The results showed that:① the addition of biochar and straw significantly increased the soil respiration rate and total CO₂ emissions, with the largest increase in T3 and the smallest increase in T1. The effect of T1 on soil respiration was promoted in the early stage and later inhibited. ② The microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen and the number of functional bacterial colonies increased significantly with biochar and straw amendments. T1 had a significant promotion effect on nitrogen-fixing bacteria, while T2 had no significant effect on the number of fungi, and T3 showed a positive interaction effect. Soil respiration rates were significantly and positively related to soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen as well as to the number of bacteria and actinomycetes. ③ The 5 cm soil temperature of T3 significantly increased by 4.53%. The soil respiration rate and soil temperature showed a significant exponential correlation. To sum up, adding straw and biochar with equal carbon content can significantly increase the soil respiration rate and microbial biomass, and the interaction effect between biochar and straw is positive. Compared with that of the straw treatments, the application of biochar can reduce carbon mineralization to a certain extent, and the effect of carbon sequestration is better.

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