中文关键词土地利用方式二氧化碳氧化亚氮土壤养分综合温室效应 英文关键词land use patternscarbon dioxidenitrous oxidesoil nutrientglobal warming potential

作者	单位	E-mail
韩佳乐	西北农林科技大学资源环境学院, 杨凌 712100 农业部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室, 杨凌 712100	hanjiale730@163.com
郝珊	西北农林科技大学资源环境学院, 杨凌 712100 农业部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室, 杨凌 712100
刘振杰	西北农林科技大学资源环境学院, 杨凌 712100 农业部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室, 杨凌 712100
张曼	西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所, 杨凌 712100	zmcocoo0203@nwsuaf.edu.cn
张阿凤	西北农林科技大学资源环境学院, 杨凌 712100 农业部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室, 杨凌 712100	zhangafeng@nwsuaf.edu.cn

中文摘要 为探究黄土高原地区两种不同土地利用方式下二氧化碳（CO₂）和氧化亚氮（NN₂O）的排放特征，在长武黄土高原农业生态试验站，分别以15 a树龄的果园和麦田为研究对象，采用静态暗箱-气相色谱法对土壤CO₂和NN₂O的排放进行了周年（2017年7月~2018年7月）田间原位观测.试验共设置果园施肥（AF）、果园对照（ACK）、小麦施肥（WF）和小麦对照（WCK）这4个处理.结果表明，土壤CO₂和NN₂O排放随季节变化明显，降雨和施肥后均出现明显排放峰.AF处理的CO₂和NN₂O累积排放量比WF处理高7.14%和461.4%.但ACK的CO₂累积排放量比WCK低10.41%，而NN₂O的累计排放量比WCK高109.5%.果园NN₂O的排放通量与表层土壤温度、水分显著正相关（P<0.01），果园和麦田的CO₂排放通量均与表层土壤温度显著正相关（P<0.05），而与表层土壤水分相关性不显著.因此，田间管理和环境因素综合影响土壤CO₂和NN₂O排放，施肥量和土壤水热是造成两种土地利用方式CO₂和NN₂O的排放特征和温室效应差异的主要因素. 英文摘要 To evaluate the emission characteristics of carbon dioxide (CO₂) and nitrous oxide (N₂O) in the Loess Plateau, a field in situ study was conducted from July 2017 to July 2018 under two land-use types (15 year old apple orchard and wheat field) using static chamber-gas chromatographic techniques. Four treatments were conducted in this experiment as follows:apple orchard with fertilization (AF), apple orchard without fertilization (ACK), wheat field with fertilization (WF), and wheat field without fertilization (WCK). The results showed that CO₂ and N₂O emissions varied significantly with the season, and the emission peaks appeared after rainfall and fertilization. The cumulative amount of CO₂ and N₂O emissions from the AF treatment were 7.14% and 461.4% higher than that of the WF treatment, respectively. However, the cumulative amount of CO₂ emissions under the ACK treatment was 10.41% lower than that of the WCK treatment, whereas the cumulative amount of N₂O emissions was 109.5% higher than that of the WCK treatment. The N₂O emission flux from the orchard was significantly positively correlated with soil temperature and moisture (P<0.01). The CO₂ emission fluxes from the orchard and wheat field were significantly positively correlated with topsoil temperature (P<0.05) but were not correlated with topsoil moisture. Thus, the combination of field management and environmental factors affected soil CO₂ and N₂O emissions. The fertilizer regime and soil hydrothermal conditions were the main factors influencing the characteristics of CO₂ and N₂O emissions under different land-use types.

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