中文关键词灌溉方式生物炭稻田生态系统呼吸温度敏感性(Q₁₀) 英文关键词irrigation patternbiocharpaddy soilecosystem respirationtemperature sensitivity (Q₁₀)

作者	单位	E-mail
周鹏	西南大学资源环境学院, 重庆 400715	zp60171@email.swu.edu.cn
祁乐	西南大学资源环境学院, 重庆 400715
牛海东	西南大学资源环境学院, 重庆 400715
王子芳	西南大学资源环境学院, 重庆 400715 重庆市三峡库区农业面源污染控制工程技术研究中心, 重庆 400715
高明	西南大学资源环境学院, 重庆 400715 重庆市三峡库区农业面源污染控制工程技术研究中心, 重庆 400715	gaoming@swu.edu.cn

中文摘要 水稻田的生态系统呼吸和温度敏感性（Q₁₀）在稻田生态系统温室气体排放等方面有非常重要的作用.本文采用静态暗箱/气相色谱法，研究间歇灌溉和淹水灌溉两种方式下不施肥（CK）、单施化肥（NPK）、10 t·hm^-2生物炭+化肥（LBC）、20 t·hm^-2生物炭+化肥（MBC）和40 t·hm^-2生物炭+化肥（HBC）这5个处理的稻田生态系统呼吸和Q₁₀的变化规律.结果表明：①淹水灌溉下生态系统呼吸的温度敏感系数Q₁₀分别为4.45（CK）、7.40（NPK）、6.44（LBC）、4.58（MBC）和3.87（HBC）.5个处理下淹水灌溉比间歇灌溉均显著降低了稻田生态系统的Q₁₀值（P<0.01），CK、NPK、LBC、MBC和HBC在淹水灌溉下分别比在间歇灌溉下降低了48.6%、55.2%、67.9%、70.3%和70.8%；②两种灌溉条件下，化肥与生物炭配施相比不施肥处理均增加了稻田生态系统的呼吸，但不同的生物炭施入水平，对生态系统呼吸的促进作用差异不显著；③化肥与中、低量生物炭配施相比不施肥均增加了稻田生态系统呼吸的温度敏感性（P<0.05），但MBC和HBC处理均比NPK处理降低了稻田生态系统的Q₁₀值，稻田生态系统呼吸的温度敏感性随着生物炭施入水平的增加而减小. 英文摘要 The ecosystem respiration and temperature sensitivity (Q₁₀) of paddy soil play very important roles in the emission of greenhouse gases from paddy ecosystems. Under intermittent irrigation and flooding irrigation conditions, a static opaque chamber and gas chromatography method were applied to study the regulation and influence of ecosystem respiration and Q₁₀ using five treatments:no fertilizer (CK), conventional fertilization (NPK), 10t·hm^-2 biochar with chemical fertilizer (LBC), 20t·hm^-2 biochar with chemical fertilizer (MBC), and 40t·hm^-2 biochar with chemical fertilizer (HBC). The results showed that:① The temperature sensitivity coefficients (Q₁₀) of ecosystem respiration under flooding irrigation were 4.45 (CK), 7.40 (NPK), 6.44 (LBC), 4.58 (MBC), and 3.87 (HBC), respectively. Flooding irrigation significantly reduced the Q₁₀ value of the paddy field ecosystem compared to intermittent irrigation (P<0.01). CK, NPK, LBC, MBC, and HBC decreased by 48.6%, 55.2%, 67.9%, 70.3%, and 70.8% under flooding irrigation, respectively. ② Whether intermittent irrigation or flooding irrigation was adopted, the application of fertilizer with biochar increased the respiration of the paddy field ecosystem than conventional fertilization treatment, but the effect of different biochar levels on respiration was not significant. ③ The application of chemical fertilizer with medium or low amounts of biochar increased the temperature sensitivity of respiration compared with no fertilization in the paddy field ecosystems (P<0.05), but both MBC and HBC treatments reduced the Q₁₀ value of paddy field ecosystem compared with NPK. Furthermore, the temperature sensitivity of respiration in the paddy field ecosystem decreased with an increase in the level of biochar application. Therefore, under the two irrigation methods, HBC treatment was more effective than LBC and MBC treatments to inhibit the effect of increasing soil temperature on the respiration of the ecosystem.

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