中文关键词生物炭NH₃挥发肥料盐碱土水肥一体化技术 英文关键词biocharNH₃ volatilizationfertilizersaline-alkali soilwater and fertilizer integration technology

作者	单位	E-mail
王一宇	山东大学环境研究院, 青岛 266237	1406395420@qq.com
王圣森	扬州大学环境科学与工程学院, 扬州 225127
戴九兰	山东大学环境研究院, 青岛 266237	daijiulan@sdu.edu.cn

中文摘要 为探明生物炭对黄河三角洲盐碱土壤氨（NH₃）挥发的影响，通过室内连续培养的方式，先测定改良的通气法对土壤NH₃挥发的回收率，再对比施加肥料颗粒与肥料水溶液对土壤NH₃挥发的影响，最后探究生物炭的种类、添加量及施肥种类对NH₃挥发速率和总量的影响.结果表明，以硫酸铵为氮源进行的NH₃挥发捕集实验，NH₃回收率平均值高达100.30%.在相同施氮量下，施加尿素水溶液的处理比施加尿素颗粒的处理NH₃挥发减少了60.29%，施加硫酸铵水溶液的处理比施加硫酸铵颗粒的处理NH₃挥发减少了61.40%.相较于不添加生物炭只施用硫酸铵水溶液的空白处理，添加0.5%生物炭且施加生物炭种类为水稻300℃（RB-300）、水稻600℃（RB-600）、棉花300℃（CB-300）和棉花600℃（CB-600）的处理，NH₃挥发总量分别减少了18.68%、16.16%、9.35%和8.26%，且施肥后2 d内NH₃挥发速率最大，占总挥发量的53.80%~64.02%.添加生物炭后，NH₃挥发量随生物炭添加量的增加呈现出先降低后增加的趋势.因此，田间施肥前添加少量生物炭并结合水肥一体化管理技术，可以有效地减少NH₃挥发并提高氮肥利用率. 英文摘要 In order to investigate the effect of biochar on NH₃ volatilization in saline-alkali soils of the Yellow River Delta, continuous laboratory incubation was conducted. Firstly, the recovery rate of NH₃ volatilization by an improved aeration method was determined, the effects of fertilizer particles and aqueous fertilizer solution on NH₃ volatilization were then compared. Finally, the effects of biochar species, application amount, and fertilizer type on NH₃ volatilization rate and total amount were explored. The results showed that the average recovery rate of NH₃ reached 100.30% using ammonium sulfate as the nitrogen source. With the same rate of nitrogen application, the volatilization of NH₃ decreased by 60.29% in the treatment with urea as the aqueous solution compared to the treatment with urea particles, and decreased by 61.40% in the treatment with an ammonium sulfate aqueous solution compared to the treatment with ammonium sulfate particles. Compared with the control treatment (without the addition of biochar and with the addition of ammonium sulfate solution), the addition of 0.5% biochar derived from 300℃ rice biochar (RB-300), 600℃ rice biochar (RB-600), 300℃ cotton biochar (CB-300), and 600℃ cotton biochar (CB-600) reduced the total volatilization of NH₃ by 18.68%, 16.16%, 9.35%, and 8.26% respectively. The volatilization rate of NH₃ was at its highest within two days of fertilization, which accounted for 53.80%-64.02% of the total volatilization. After the addition of the biochar, volatilization of NH₃ decreased at first and then increased in proportion to an increase in biochar content. Therefore, adding a small amount of biochar before field fertilization, combined with the integrated management of water and fertilizer, can effectively reduce NH₃ volatilization and improve nitrogen use efficiency.

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