中文关键词海南岛北部海湾重金属来源分布特征主控因素生态风险评价 英文关键词Hainan Islandnorth bayheavy metalsourcedistributioncontrolling factorsecological risk assessment

作者	单位	E-mail
曾维特	海南省海洋地质调查局, 海口 570206 中国海洋大学海洋地球科学学院, 青岛 266100 海南省地质局, 海口 570206 海南省地质调查院, 海口 570206	zengweite@126.com
杨永鹏	海南省地质调查院, 海口 570206
张东强	海南省地质综合勘察院, 海口 570206	zhangdongqiang83@163.com
刘兵	海南省海洋地质调查局, 海口 570206 海南省地质局, 海口 570206
张航飞	海南地质综合勘察设计院, 海口 570206
吴多誉	海南地质综合勘察设计院, 海口 570206
王晓林	海南省地质调查院, 海口 570206

中文摘要 基于海南岛北部海口湾、铺前湾、东寨港和木兰湾海域159站位表层沉积物地球化学测试分析，查明沉积物中重金属元素As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Pb和Zn分布特征.运用数理统计方法研究重金属来源并明确其分布主控因素，建立主控因素与重金属含量间定性或半定量关系.评价各重金属元素及其总体污染状况和潜在生态风险.结果表明，研究区海域沉积物重金属中As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Pb和Zn含量平均值分别为8.40、0.06、32.50、8.32、0.02、18.77和35.87 μg ·g^-1.Cr、Cu、Hg、Pb和Zn含量高值区主要分布于近岸河流入海口及港湾内部，As由南向北其含量逐渐增加，Cd主要聚集于海口湾内.沉积物中Cu、Zn、Hg、Pb、Cr和Cd主要来自陆源输入，包括人为污染和母岩风化产物运移两方面因素，As或有海外物质来源.沉积物中Cu、Zn、Hg、Pb和Cr含量分布主控因素为沉积物粒度，即沉积物粒度越细，其所吸附并积累重金属含量越高；As高含量主要受控于自然地质背景；Cd含量分布则反映了城市发展进程对地区污染差异性影响.所调查159站位表层沉积物中As、Cr分别有3站位和6站位属Ⅱ类海洋沉积物，污染程度中等，其余各站位及重金属元素含量均为Ⅰ类沉积物，污染程度低，单因子污染影响程度依次为As > Cr > Pb > Zn > Cu > Cd > Hg.沉积物重金属总体为低程度污染，总体潜在生态风险低，研究区海域底质生态环境优良.各重金属元素潜在生态危害程度低，生态危害影响依次为As > Hg > Cd > Pb > Cu > Cr > Zn，As是最主要的生态风险因子. 英文摘要 The distribution characteristics of the content of As, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb, Zn, and Cd were researched based on the geochemical analysis of 159 surface sediment samples in Haikou Bay, Puqian Bay, Dongzhai Harbor, and Mulan Bay Mathematical statistics methods were used to interpret the sources of heavy metals, and the main controlling factors for heavy metal distribution were confirmed, having been analyzed qualitatively and semi-quantitatively. The results showed that the average contents of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb, and Zn were 8.40, 0.06, 32.50, 8.32, 0.02, 18.77, and 35.87 μg·g^-1, respectively. High contents of Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb, and Zn are mainly distributed in estuaries and harbors. The content of As increased gradually from south to north in the research area, while Cd gathered mainly in Haikou Bay. The source of Cu, Zn, Hg, Pb, Cr, and Cd in sediment was terrestrial input, which was controlled by anthropogenic pollution and migration of weathered products from mother rock. The source of As could be overseas material input. The grain size of sediment was the main factor controlling the contents of Cu, Zn, Hg, Pb, and Cr, and it was found that sediments with a finer grain size have more heavy metals adsorbed. The high As content was controlled mainly by the natural geological background factor, while the content of Cd reflected the difference in regional pollution caused by differing development in cities. Three surface sediment samples were evaluated as class Ⅱ of the National Marine Sediment Standard due to the content of As, while six surface sediment samples were evaluated as class Ⅱ due to the content of Cr, of which the pollution degree was moderate. The concentrations of Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, and Zn in all of the 159 sediment samples fall in the Ⅰ class, of which the pollution degree is low. The degree of pollution for seven heavy metals were arranged in the following order:As > Cr > Pb > Zn > Cu > Cd > Hg. The potential ecological risk assessment results indicated that all heavy metals in surface sediment caused low levels of pollution generally, and that each heavy metal element was at a low ecological risk level. The order for the ecological risk of the seven heavy metals was:As > Hg > Cd > Pb > Cu > Cr > Zn; therefore, As was the main ecological risk factor. In general, the potential ecological risk for heavy metals was low, which illustrated that the marine environment in the study area was excellent.

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