摘要:盐城滨海湿地植物群落种间格局与竞争关系发生变化，导致湿地景观结构与格局发生变化。以江苏盐城国家级珍禽自然保护区核心区为典型研究区，利用1992、1997、2000、2011、2017年TM影像作为数据源，结合GIS技术，运用景观生态学方法分析了滨海湿地植物群落种间格局与竞争关系的时空变化特征。结果表明：①1992-2017年，植物群落结构变化呈现出芦苇群落和互花米草群落持续扩张的特征，其面积百分比到2017年分别达到37.06%和34.50%；碱蓬群落整体上呈现持续萎缩的特征，到2017年仅占5.09%。②1992-2017年，香农多样性指数（SHDI）和边缘密度（ED）值分别先上升至1.482和14.391，再逐渐下降至1.283和11.967，最大斑块指数（LPI）和聚集度指数（AI）先增大再减小，均反映了植物群落竞争关系从单一化走向多元化再到单一化的趋势。③1992-2017年，芦苇-碱蓬群落之间竞争的空间位置先向海方向推进，后向陆方面后退；碱蓬-互花米草群落竞争的位置先向海、再向陆方向、再向海方面演进；芦苇-碱蓬-互花米草群落种间竞争的位置由区域的南部向中部演进。研究可为进一步认识滨海湿地植物群落的基本结构和种间格局的动态变化，为生物多样性保护和修复提供科学参考。



Abstract:Interspecific pattern and competitive relationship of plant community has changed in Yancheng coastal wetland, resulting in the change of wetland landscape structure and pattern. Using TM images of long time series with the help of GIS technology, the spatio-temporal change characteristics of plant community pattern and competitive relationship were analyzed by landscape ecology method from 1992 to 2017, in the core area of the Yancheng National Nature Reserve (YNNR) in Jiangsu Province. The results were as follows. ① From 1992 to 2017, the Phragmites community and Spartina community expanded continuously, with the area percentage reaching 37.06% and 34.50% respectively by 2017. The Suaeda community showed the characteristics of continuous shrinkage as a whole, with only 5.09% by 2017. ② From 1992 to 2017, the values of SHDI (Shannon's Diversity Index) and ED (Edge Density) first increased to 1.482 and 14.391, and then decreased to 1.283 and 11.967 respectively, which reflected the trend of interspecific competition from simplification to diversification and then to simplification. ③ From 1992 to 2017, the spatial position of interspecific competition of Phragmites-Suaeda community firstly advanced to the ocean and then retreated to the land. The position of interspecific competition of Suaeda-Spartina community firstly evolved to the sea, then the land and then to the sea. The position of interspecific competition of Phragmites-Suaeda-Spartina community evolved from the south to the middle part of the region. This study can be used to further understand the basic structure and dynamic trend of plant community in coastal wetland. It provides scientific reference for biodiversity conservation and restoration.





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