摘要:全球四大湾区既是经济发达区，也是生态环境脆弱区，对全球可持续发展至关重要。粤港澳大湾区的生态环境问题正在限制其可持续发展，有碍于全面建成国际一流湾区目标的实现。然而，过去的研究对生态环境方面关注较少，缺少湾区生态环境综合评价体系的构建。通过综合国内外统计和遥感多源数据，建立四大湾区生态环境评价数据库；围绕生态质量，环境质量和资源利用效率建立指标体系，构建湾区生态环境综合评价指数。结果表明：2015年，生态环境综合评价，东京湾区 > 旧金山湾区 > 纽约湾区 > 粤港澳大湾区；生态质量，纽约湾区 > 旧金山湾区 > 粤港澳大湾区 > 东京湾区；环境质量，旧金山湾区 > 东京湾区 > 纽约湾区 > 粤港澳大湾区；资源利用效率，东京湾区 > 旧金山湾区 > 纽约湾区 > 粤港澳大湾区。2005-2015年，粤港澳大湾区环境质量增速缓慢，在生态质量和资源利用效率增幅排名首位。旧金山湾区和纽约湾区优势在生态和环境质量，短板在资源利用效率；东京湾区在资源利用效率方面优势明显，短板在生态质量；综合来看，粤港澳大湾区与其他湾区都存在差距。研究建议粤港澳大湾区从生态空间、生态环境治理和资源利用方面，吸取发达国家湾区的经验。



Abstract:Four global bay areas (Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Bay Area, Tokyo Bay Area, San Francisco Bay Area, and New York Bay Area) are highly economically developed yet ecologically vulnerable, whose development are crucial to global sustainable development. Despite the rapid economic development, the ecological and environmental problems limit the sustainable development of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Bay Area, and thus hinder its goal to build a first-class international bay area. Few previous studies addressed the issue of ecological and environmental development of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Bay Area, nor did they establish a comprehensive ecological and environmental assessment system for bay areas. In this study, we built an ecological and environmental evaluation database for the four bay areas by integrating multisource domestic and foreign statistics and remote sensing data. The ecologically and environmentally comprehensive evaluation index system was established based on the ecological and environmental quality, as well as the resource utilization efficiency. The results showed that in 2015, Tokyo Bay Area had the highest comprehensive evaluation index, followed by San Francisco Bay Area, New York Bay Area, and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Bay Area; for the ecological quality, New York Bay Area had the highest score and Tokyo Bay Area has the lowest, with San Francisco Bay Area, and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Bay Area ranking second and third; as to the environmental quality San Francisco Bay Area ranked first, followed by Tokyo Bay Area, New York Bay Area, and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Bay Area; in terms of the resource utilization efficiency, Tokyo Bay Area performed the best, San Francisco Bay Area, New York Bay Area, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Bay Area followed accordingly. From 2005 to 2015, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Bay Area grew slowly in the area of environmental quality. However, it ranked first in ecological quality and resource utilization efficiency. Based on the above analysis, San Francisco Bay Area and New York Bay Area excelled in the development of ecological and environmental quality, but did not perform as good in resource utilization efficiency. By comparison, Tokyo Bay Area had great advantage in resource utilization efficiency, but its disadvantages were in ecological quality. In general, there was still a gap between Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Bay Area and the other three bay areas in terms of ecological and environmental development, and we suggested that Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Bay area should learn from the developed countries with regard to the management of ecological space, eco-environmental governance, and resource utilization efficiency.





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